FALCONEB MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 309 



for the Staffordshire origin of Parkinson's molar being unreliable, 

 no weight can be attributed to it as indicative of the distribution of 

 the species over England. 



b. Cranium. — No cranial fragment of E. meridionalis has hitherto 

 been recorded from strata in England. 



c. Lower Jaiv. — A very fine lower jaw in the Irstead collection has 

 already been mentioned {anted, p. 301). It consists of a right ramus, 

 showing the whole of the body as far as the middle of the symphysis, 

 and the contour of the posterior margin as high as the neck of the 

 condyle ; the coronoid apophysis and leafy expansion of the ala are 

 broken off. The greater part of the diasteme is present. 



The following are the principal dimensions : — 



inches. 

 Extreme length from the posterior margin of the 

 ascending ramus to the broken edge of the sym- 

 physis 27*5 



Length of alveolar border from the anterior margin 



, of the ascending ramus to the diasteme 9"5 



Breadth of ascending ramus in a line with alveolar 



border 12-0 



Height of alveolar border at outer edge of ascend- 

 ing ramus 5-7 



Height of alveolar border in front near the dia- 

 steme 7*7 



Length of diasteme and symphysis remaining .... 6"5 

 Vertical height of ascending ramus to neck of con- 

 dyle 12-25 



Transverse diameter at bulge of ramus below the 



coronoid apophysis 7*2 



Length of crown occupied by the two molars .... 14-0 



Length of grinding-surface in use 7'5 



Number of plates in use 11 



The peculiarities distinctive of this specimen from the lower jaw 

 of the Mammoth are — 1, the comparatively low elevation of the 

 anterior end of the ramus, both absolutely and relatively to the 

 height at the coronoid margin ; in the Mammoth the jaw attains, 

 in old specimens, as much as 10| to 11 inches in vertical height ; 

 in the Irstead specimen it is but 7| inches ; 2, the long and gradual 

 slope of the diasteme into the beak ; in the Mammoth it descends 

 vsdth a pitch deviating but slightly from the vertical ; 3, the long 

 symphysis ; 4, the greater length of the horizontal ramus in relation 

 to the width of the ascending ramus ; 5, the less sudden curve 

 in the contour of the posterior angle and margin of the ramus. The 

 Irstead specimen differs appreciably also from the lower jaw of E. 

 {Euelerphas) antiquus in points which will be noticed in the compa- 

 rison' of that species in the sequel. 



The Norwich Museum contains a very fine lower jaw of E. oneri- 

 dionalis, comprising both rami ; and on the right side part of the 

 ascending ramus, the leaf of the ala being broken off. The diaste- 

 mal ridges are perfect, and a part of the symphysis is present ; but 



