PALCONEE MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 311 



The largest perfect humerus in the same collection measured — 



ft. in. 



Length 3 11 



Transverse diameter of inferior articulating head . 1 1 

 Girth of ditto 2 8 



These dimensions are greatly surpassed by a huge humerus in the 

 Norwich Museum, presented by Miss Anna Gurney. It is stated in 

 the 'British Fossil Mammalia' that it was found in the "Cliff, 

 composed of interblended blue clay and red gravel, near the village 

 of Bacton in Norfolk ;" and the following dimensions are attributed 

 to it : — 



ft. in. 



Entire length 4 5 



Circumference at the middle 2 2-6 



„ at proximal end 3 5 



Breadth of distal end 1 2 



Prom simimit of condyloid ridge to end of the 



outer condyle 1 7 



To what species this stupendous humerus belonged has not been 



exactly determined. 



The largest entire femur in the collection at Florence was 4 feet 



6 inches in length. The largest mentioned in the ' British Fossil 



Mammalia,' p. 254, attributed to a Mammoth, is stated to have been 



4 feet 1 inch long. 



The colossal scapula of Florence is matched by a pelvis in the 



same collection, which was found entire in the Yal d'Arno ; it yielded 



the following dimensions : — - 



ft. in. 

 Expanse between tuberosities of iKum .... 5 9-0 



Height of pubcs at symphysis 1 9-5 



Transverse diameter of pelvic arch 1 8-5 



Antero- posterior diameter of acetabulum . . 7*5 

 Transverse „ „ .... 8*5 



YI. Chakactees oe Euelephas. 



1. General Remarlcs. — This group, regarded in a structural and 

 systematic view, is the most aberrant from the ordinary Pachyder- 

 matous type of all the divisions of the Proboscidea, and it is that of 

 which the species are the most difficult to discriminate. It is repre- 

 sented in the living state by the Indian Elephant, and in the fossil 

 state by five if not six species at present laiown. The obvious 

 manner in which they differ from the Loxodons is that the crown- 

 divisions in the molars are more numerous, elevated, and attenuated. 

 When the numerical values of the ridges in the successive teeth are 

 regarded as a series, it is manifest that they go on augmenting by 

 progressive increments, constituting the basis of the technical term 

 here applied to signify the character, namely, an anisomerous " ridge- 

 formula," as distinguished from the isomerous formula in the Masto- 

 dons, and the hypisomerous formula of the Stegodons and Loxodons. 



