1865.] DUNCAK ASIATIC ECHINODEEMATA. 353 



4. Holectypus C^nomanensis, Guiranqer 1 t -ht m a • 

 planatus, Eoe,ner L. ,f ^^ ^""'' ^*^"« 48pecimen8. 



5. Pygaster truncatus, Agassiz Condr^cieux, He d'Aix 1 specimen. 



6. Epiaster distinctus, ^^«ss j ^'Sew"'.^.':'. ^.'j 1 specimen. 



*7. Hemiaster similis, D' Or6 Le Mans 1 specimen. 



8. Cottaldia Carteri, sp. nov Eas Sharwen 2 specimens. 



BagTi, on the Nerhudda. 



1. Hemiaster C6nomanensis, Cotteatc Le Mans 6 specimens. 



*2. Hemiaster similis, 2?' OrS Le Mans 2specimens. 



3. Nucleolites similis, l^eso** 1 -t^ xi-ni - i 



Echinobrissussimilis,i>'Ori j Yvre-LEveque 1 specimen. 



4. subquadratus, Z>' Orb., sp Chaux de Fonds ? 3 specimens. 



It is not only convenient but necessary to refer foreign forms to 

 those of well-known European strata, both to avoid the unneces- 

 sary multiplication of species and to obtain a definite idea of the 

 affinities and the palaeontological value of the new fossils. Col- 

 lections like those under consideration will, after such a reference, 

 be noticed to contain, usually, forms which must be arranged as 

 follows : — 



1. Species identical with those of distant localities. 



2. Varieties of these species. 



3. Varieties of species known in distant localities, but absent in the 



collections. 



4. Species closely allied to those found in distant localities (repre- 



sentative species). 



5. Varieties of these species. 



6. New species without any decided afiinities with those of distant 



localities. 



7. Species and their varieties which refer to older or newer strata. 



The forms from Arabia and Bagh can be arranged in the following 



manner under the sections : — 



« 



1. Pseudodiadema Roemeri, Scdenia scutigera, Holectyjyus Cenoma- 



nensis, Epiaster distinctus, and Pygaster truncatus, from South- 

 eastern Arabia ; Nucleolites similis and Hemiaster Cenomanensis, 

 from Bagh. 



2. Two varieties of Holectypus Cenomanensis, from South-eastern 



Arabia. 



3. Cidaris Cenomanensis and Hemiaster similis, from South-eastern 



Arabia. 



4. Cottaldia Carteri from South-eastern Arabia. 

 5 and 6 are not represented. 



7. Echinobrissus subquadratus, a variety, from Bagh. 



5. Other Fossils in the Collections. — The following fossils were de- 

 rived from the same localities as the Echinodermata : — 



* Common to Bagh and South-eastern Arabia 



