1865.] DAWKINS MAMMALIAN REMAINS. 493 



species, with a few that have not hitherto been noticed. They 

 appear to be of Lower Carboniferous age. 



In the introduction Mr. Godwin- Austen gave a synopsis of the 

 more remarkable facts brought forward in the paper, and in a 

 Ee:ume be gave lists of the fossils which had as yet been determined. 

 These were forty-six in number, forty-two of .which had specific 

 names, and twenty-two of which are well-known forms ; eight are 

 commo 1 to the Punjaub and Kashmere, seven of them being also 

 European species. Of the Kashmere list, full half the species are 

 fo.ind in British Carboniferous beds; and Mr. Godwin- Austen re- 

 marked on the support given to the notion of the approximate con- 

 temporaneity of distant formations containing the same fossils by tlie 

 occurrence of these European Lower Carboniferous species near the 

 base of the Carboniferous formation of Kashmere. 



2. On the Mammalian Remains found hy E. Wood, Esq., near Eich- 

 MOND, YoEKSHiRE. By W. BoYD Daavkins, Esq., M.A. (Oxon.), 

 E.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. With an 

 Introditctoky Note on the Deposit in which they ivere found. 

 By E. Wood, Esq., F.G.S,, and G. E. Eoberts, Esq., F.G.S. 

 [Abstract.] 

 In the introduction to this paper Messrs. Wood and Eoberts state 

 that a large assemblage of Mammalian and other bonds was dis- 

 covered, during the autumn of last year (in making excavations 

 for a new sewer), on a terrace of blue clay mixed with limestone- 

 debris, on the north bank of the Eiver Swale, and at a height of 

 about 130 feet above it. The bones lay at a depth from the surface 

 of from 4 to 7 feet, hi ground previously undisturbed ; and it is 

 supposed that the accumulation of clay and limestone-pebbles 

 was derived from the limestones northward and westward by pluvial 

 acion, extending through a considerable period of time. Many of 

 the bones have been cut and sawn by human hands, and the authors 

 express their opinion that the deposit is made up of the commingled 

 contents of several " kolvken-mciddings." 



Mr. Boyd Dawkins also remarks that the condition of the bones 

 proves them to have been derived from one of those heaps of kitchen- 

 refuse that are of various ages, and that railway-cuttings have 

 proved to be by no means so uncommon as is generally supposed. 

 Most of the bones, except the solid and marrowless, are broken ; and 

 of the numerous skulls there is not one that is perfect. The great 

 bulk of the remains exhibit unmistakeable evidence of being cut or 

 sawn, and some are stained black as if from being imbedded in an 

 old cinder-heap. The patches of blue colouring-matter visible upon 

 a great many of the specimens are owing to a deposit of phosphate 

 of iron, consequent on the decomposition of the animal matter con- 

 tained in them in contact with oxide of iron. 



The remains of the Carnivores, as one would natiu'ally suppose, 



bear a very small proportion to those of the Hcrbivora. Two species 



however have been determined. One right scapula which belonged 



to an aged individual is indistinguishable from that of the Brown or 



VOL. XXI. — part i. 2 l 



