1865.] DAWKINS MAMMALIAN EEMATNS. 495 



Ovis dries. — Two horn-cores and a skull. 

 Capra cegagrus. — Fifteen horn-cores. 

 ^goceros Caucasica ? A horn-core. 



Concerning the two latter species, Mr. Dawkins expresses himself 

 as follows : — 



Fifteen horn- cores, recurved, carinated in front, very convex 

 on the outer, nearly flat on the inner side, are indistinguishable 

 from a small Gap>ra cegagrus of Pallas. Their maximum ard laini- 

 mum length is 9-5 and 6-3 inches, their maximum and n mimum 

 circumference 5*4 and 5 inches. 



A third form of recurved horn-core belonging to Capra, slightly 

 compressed parallel to the median line, and much more slender than 

 that of Capra JEgagrus, more closely resembles that of uS^goceros 

 Caucasica than any recent form with which I am acquainted. 

 For its specific determination there are no materials in British 

 osteological collections. Its occurrence, however, in a bone-cavern 

 explored in 1863 by Mr. W. A. Sanford and myself, associated with 

 a skall of Bos taurus and one of Sus scrofa, and with the remains of 

 Wolf, Fox, Mole, Arvicolce, Badger, Bat, Eeddeer, and a small Felis, 

 makes this discovery at Richmond particularly interesting. I detected 

 also the same form among the organic remains from an Irish crannoge, 

 on a visit to the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society in February 

 last. Their maximum length and basal circumference is 8-0 and 3*4 

 inches, their minimum 6-0 and 3*6 inches. 



The presence of this animal in the Richmond kitchen-heap is, 

 indeed, my only apology for bringing these few osteological notes 

 before the Geological Society ; for it is by no means improbable that 

 the same parallelism that exists between the contents of some of 

 the older caverns and the remains found in the old river deposits 

 may also be found to obtain in some of the more recent caverns and 

 the kitchen-heaps of a date possibly within the reach of history. 



On sending some of the doubtful horn- cores to the most eminent 

 European authority, M. Lartet, he writes me, " As to the horn -cores 

 which Mr. Christy has brought me, and which I return, I am able 

 to see nothing in them but specimens of the diversified forms that 

 are the results of domestication and sometimes of hybridity. I 

 have received lately from M. Troy on two horn- cores very closely re- 

 resembling yours, of which the larger (more keeled and less com- 

 pressed than the largest of yours) appeal J to have belonged to a 

 hybrid between the Bouquetin and the Go^t. I have seen similar 

 ones in caverns relatively of very recent date in the Pyrenees." 



The jaw of a large fish that closely agreed with that of the Hake 

 in the British Museum, and a fragment of the claw of a large Crus- 

 tacean, were also found. 



There is nothing in the presence of any one of these species to 

 stamp the age of this " kitchen -heap ; " but the association of the 

 Bear, Deer, and Fallow Deer with the remains of the Horse, and the 

 short-horned Ox, and the Sheep, points in the direction of the 

 similar deposits in the Swiss Lakes. 



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