290 



concretionary limestone and marl that are being formed under present-day 

 conditions. 



The occurrence of fossils in the Lower Pliocene of Hallett's Cove is some- 

 what irregular. They occur mostly in patches. For some distance the rock 

 may be comparatively barren, and then, for a space, they may be abundant. 

 In the compact sandstone on the north side of the Cove the fossil remains are 

 mostly in the form of impressions or casts. The most favourable position for 

 obtaining them is near the head of the Cove and in calcareous nodules which 

 occasionally occur in the sandy matrix. 



The following fossil forms have been recorded from the Lower Pliocene 

 (Kalimnan), at Hallett's Cove, including some additions from the writer's 

 observations : — 



Plantae. G. convexus, Tate 



Lithothamnion sp. Mytilits submenkeanns, Tate 



Rhizopoda. Lithodomus hrevis, Tate 



Orbitolites complanata, Lam. Anapa variabilis, Tate 



Actinozoa. Tellina lata, Q. and G. 

 Montlivaltia variformis, Dennant Gasteropoda. 



Plesiastraea st. vincenti, T.Woods Marginella hordeacea, Tate 



EcHiNOZOA. Cominella clelandi, Tate 



Laganum platymodes, Tate C. subfilicea, Tate 



Pelecypoda. Campanile triseriale, Basedow 



Ostrea arenicola, Tate Diastoma provisi, Tate 



O. sturtiana, Tate Hipponyx australis. Lam. 



Placunanomia ione, Gray Calyptraea crassa, Tate 



Spondylus arenicola, Tate Natica balteatella, Tate 



Pecten asperrimus, Lam. M. subvarians, Tate 



P. antiaiistralis, Tate Heligmope dennanti, Tate 



P. consobrinus, Tate Pofamides sp. 

 Glycimeris subradians, Tate 



There are outcrops of the Lower Pliocene on the northern side of Rocky 

 Point, and therefore included in Section B ; but as they stand related to beds 

 of the same age that occur on the southern side of the Point, in Section C, they 

 will be considered in connection with the latter. 



Pleistocene and Recent Rocks in Section B. 



The great difference in the weather-resisting qualities of the Palaeozoic 

 rocks (which usually form the base of the sea-cliffs), as compared with the 

 softer beds in the upper portions, leads to the formation, in many places, of a 

 lower and an upper cliff, a platform of varying width dividing the two. The 

 lower cliff wastes mostly by sea erosion, whilst the upper cliff, consisting 

 generally of sands and clay, is worn away by atmospheric agencies, and as its 

 retreat is more rapid than that of the lower beds a shelf or platform is formed, 

 as stated above. This shelf is sometimes limited to a few feet, or it may be so 

 wide that the upper cliff cannot be seen from the beach. When the erosion 

 has been rapid the precipitous face is lost and the newer beds slope gradually 

 upward to the higher levels. At the head of the amphitheatre at Hallett's Cove, 

 in the absence of the Cambrian rocks, the shelf is formed by the top of the 

 marine Pliocene beds which has become hardened by the deposition of a traver- 

 tine limestone. 



The beds that follow in superior order to the marine Pliocene sandstones 

 can be divided into three divisions, representing differences of lithological char- 

 acter, with occasional planes of erosion dividing the same, which probably 



