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cliff show at their upper limits a peneplained surface, representing an ancient 

 land surface. Recent erosion has removed the later deposits so as to form a 

 shelf varying in width up to 200 yards. On this shelf the Pleistocene beds 

 form a very distinct secondary and retreating cliff, which attains a maximum 

 height of about 40 feet, and is pretty constant for about a mile, measured from 

 the Field River. The beds are chiefly of the sandy, mottled type, and in places, 

 by induration, form sandstones. The latter are perfectly horizontal and finely 

 laminated. One section showed a sandstone, about 18 inches in thickness, resting 

 on the Cambrian beds, and was overlain by mottled sandy clays, with a vertical 

 scarp of sandstone on top, about 12 feet in thickness. 



In a small washout, that cuts these alluvial beds transversely (the material 

 from which is carried across and over the edge of the Cambrian platform), 

 there is a remarkable assemblage of large, rounded stones, up to over a foot 

 in diameter, and covering a space 20 yards wide, the origin of which is not 

 very evident. As they occur at about 90 feet above sea level they can scarcely 

 be regarded as an elevated beach deposit. The most plausible conclusion is that 

 they are the coarser residues of the washed alluvium — stones that proved too 

 weighty for the small rain-wash to carry over the edge of the cliff. Some 

 loose stones, washed out of the local sandstone, occur away from the direct line 

 of the wash, and it is likely that the rounded stones formed part of one of the 

 ancient lines of drainage, as in the case of an old river bed exposed in a railway 

 cutting a little to the northward of Hallett's Cove railway station. 



At the end of the mile referred to, the upper cliff disappears, and gives 

 place to a gentle slope of arable land with a low scarp of travertine limestone at 

 the back. 



On the shelf, formed by the greater hardness of the rocks that form the lower 

 cliff, as well as on the top of the upper cliff, patches of sand sometimes occur 

 which, in places, are of considerable thickness. It is a very common feature 

 along the cliffs up to Sellick's Hill, but its origin is not always easy of explana- 

 tion. The probability is that these sand cappings have had more than one mode 

 of origin. In certain low situations the sand has been carried inland from the 

 beach, by the wind, but in some instances the sand patches occur under circum- 

 stances in which such an explanation seems unlikely, as, for example, where they 

 occur on a. high precipitous cliff with a rocky shore below that is practically 

 destitute of sand. There is little doubt that some of the sand patches represent 

 residuals of. the Lower Pliocene beds, as well as the Pleistocene sandstone, which 

 once extended over all this area, and are still seen in bedded form, occasionally, 

 while the greater portions of the associated material have been removed by 

 denudation. This explanation receives confirmation by the presence of char- 

 acteristic water-worn pebbles associated with the sands, in places. These dry, 

 sandy areas were favourite spots of the aborigines in selecting camping grounds, 

 and yield many evidences of their presence in past times. 



A patch of sand, several acres in extent, occurs on the top and back of the 

 cliffs a little to the southward of the Field River. It does not seem probable 

 that the sand was blown up from the present beach, which is rocky and almost 

 destitute of sand, and there is a nearly vertical height of about 100 feet separating 

 the beach from the sand on the top of the cliffs. The present movement of the 

 sand is in the direction of the sea coast and is blown over the edge of the cliffs. 

 A patch of this sand, about two acres in extent, to the southward of Field River, 

 recently placed under cultivation, has become entirely bared by the wind, exposing 

 an old aboriginal camping ground including many undisturbed hearths, while 

 the surrounding ground is covered with stone chippings. The floor is also ex- 

 tensively strewn with nodules of white travertine that look as though the ground 

 was covered by large hailstones. Some patches of sand are probably connected 

 with the extensive areas of blown sand that exist inland, pertaining to the ancient 



