327 



genus Dipodium. In this region the two great genera Dendrobium and Bulbo- 

 phylliim still predominate with species greatly in excess of those in our own 

 continent. 



The Japanese botanist, B. Hayata/^^ who has recently devoted special atten- 

 tion to the botany of Formosa, enables us to carry our investigations a step 

 further north. He has assigned 32 genera to the orchid-flora of that island. Of 

 this number, 21 also occur in Australia, vis.: — 



1. Oheronia, Lindl. 8. Pholidota, Lindl. 



2. Liparis, L. C. Rich. 9. Calanthe, R. Br. 



3. Dendrobium, Sw. 10. Eulophia, R. Br. 



4. Biilbophyllnfn, Thou. 11. Cymbidium, Sw. 



12. Luisia, Gaud. 



13. Cleisostoma, Bl. 



14. Anoectochilus, Bl. 



This table indicates a very considerable reduction in the number of genera in 

 common with Australia, all of them being poorly developed in species and half 

 of them monotypic. Almost without exception the species are endemic and 

 there are none in common with our own. 



Japan, lying in the North Pacific, between the 30th and 50th parallels of 

 latitude, differs greatly in climate and humidity from the islands already 

 ■considered. 



Matsumura (''^ in his Index records 71 genera of orchids, comprising 183 

 species. This, however, includes some Formosan plants. After deducting 

 these, the flora stands at approximately 53 genera and 147 species. The following 

 2Z genera are common to these islands and Australia : — 



5. Eria, Lindl. 



6. Phreatia, Lindl. 



7. Phaius, Lour. 



15. Zeuxine, Lindl. 



16. Cheirostylis, Bl. 



17. Goodyera, R. Br. 



18. Cryptostylis, R. Br. 



19. Nervilia, Comm. 



20. Didymoplexis, Griff. 



21. Habenaria, Willd. 



1. Habenaria, Willd. (5)(s) 



2. Microtis, R. Br. (1) 



3. Galeola, Lour. (2) 



4. Epipogiim, Gmel. (1) 



5. Nervilia, Comm. (1) 



6. Gastrodia, R. Br. (4) 



7. Spiranthes, Rich. (1) 



8. Goodyera, Bl. (9) 



9. Corymbis, Thou. (1) 



10. Zeuxine, Lindl. (1) 



11. Microstylis, Nutt. (2) 



12. Oberonia, Lindl. (1) 



13. Liparis, Lour. (2) 



14. Phaius, Lour. (2) 



15. Calanthe, R. Br. (13 



16. Dendrobium, Sw. (3) 



17. Bulbophyllum, Thou. (2) 



18. Cirrhopetalum, Lindl. (1) 



19. Eria, Lindl. (2) 



20. Cymbidium, Sw. (16) 



21. Sarochilus, R. Br. (1) 



22. Luisia, Gaud. (1) 



23. Taeniophyllum, Bl. (1) 



These genera are distributed throughout the parallels above mentioned, seven 

 of them being recorded from the most northerly island of Yezo. Among the 

 latter are such genera as Gastrodia, Spiranthes, Calanthe, and Phajus. As one 

 might expect in these high latitudes, there is a great reduction in the development 

 of Eria, Dendrobium, and Bulbophyllum, which are here represented by two, 

 three, and two species, respectively. They do not appear to have been recorded 

 so far north as the island of Yezo. 



Only four orchids are conspecific with types in Australia, vis.: — Corymbis 

 (Corymb orchis) veratrifolia, Rchb. f . ; Spiranthes australis, Lindl. (=^S. sinensis, 

 A_mes) ; Phajus grandifolius, Lour.; Microtis parviflora, R. Br. The most 



(6) Icones Plant. Formosan, iv. (1914), 23. 



(7) J. Matsumura, "Index Plantarum Japonicorum," ii. (1905), 234. 



(8) The number of species is included in brackets after the genus. 



