REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, 1898 197 



feeding on this species, though from this batrachian being confined to 

 the ground and occurring more abundantly in cultivated fields, it is 

 hardly probably that as a rule it devours many of the caterpillars. 



Remedies and preventives. When this species appears in orchards 

 or attacks a few cherished trees on the lawn or elsewhere, most of the 

 methods recommended for the apple-tree tent caterpillar can be employed 

 against it successfully. The difficulty is not so much in controlling this 

 insect in the fruit orchard and on highly valued trees, as in the forests. 

 The ravages in the wood lands and the extensive sugar orchards can 

 rarely be successfully met by the foregoing methods. In these localities 

 the expense attendant upon the collection of the egg belts or spraying 

 the trees with poison would be prohibitive in most instances. In a 

 general way, recourse must be had to preventive measures. Our native 

 insectivorous birds should be protected from hunters and encouraged in 

 every possible manner. Their efficient services alone should do much to 

 abate the nuisance. The insect enemies of this species should be pre- 

 served from destruction whenever possible. In case of very severe out- 

 breaks, such as have occurred this year and last, it may be found 

 advisable to burn over the defoliated areas just after the caterpillars have 

 pupated, and before the moths emerge, provided there is not enough 

 inflammable matter on the surface to produce a fire that would seriously 

 injure the trees. The burning would have to be conducted with caution, 

 but wherever practicable, it would result in the destruction of many 

 insects. 



Bibliography 



Hiibner, Jacob. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. ? 1822. 

 p. 122 (described, as Malacosoma), 



Emmons, Ebenezer. Natural history of New York. Agriculture. 

 1854. p. 240, 241, pi. 37, fig. 2, 4, a, g (l)rief notice, as C. neiistria). 



Fitch, Asa. N. Y. State agricultural society. Transactions. 1855. 

 1856. p. 430,431 (extended account) ; the same in Insects of New York. 

 ist-2d Report. 1856. p. 198, 199; N. Y. State agricultural society. 

 Transactions. 1856. 16:337 (on apple); — 1859. 18:820-23 (brief 

 account); the same in Insects of New York. 3d-5th Report, r859. sec- 

 tions 28, 321 (all as C. sylvaticd). 



Morris, J. G. Catalogue of the lepidoptera of North America. 

 i860, p. 22 (listed); Synopsis of the lepidoptera of North America. 

 1862. p. 236 (description, both as C. sylvatica). 



Harris, T. W. Insects injurious to vegetation, (3d ed.) 1862. p. 

 375, 376, pi. 7, fig, 18, 19 (described); Entomological correspondence. 

 1869. p. 292 (larva described, both as C. sylvatica). 



