REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, I 



169 



cuckoo, Coccyzjis efythfopihalmus Wils., and the yellow-billed cuckoo, 

 Coccyzus americanus Linn. It will be found true as a rule, that in cities 

 where these birds are absent or have been driven out by the English 

 sparrows, this pest flourishes, while in the country, where the native birds 

 are more abundant, this insect is rarely injurious. 



The insect parasites of this species are extremely valuable allies and 

 should be encouraged in every practical manner. The recent extensive 

 studies of these by Dr L. O. Howard (see citation), have made valuable 

 and very material additions to our knowledge of these interesting forms. He 

 has shown that in Washington, D, C, Pimpla inquisitor Say and Chalcis 

 ovaia Say (fig. 2, 3) are the two species most effective in controlling this 

 pest, and that large numbers of the former insect hibernate as larvae 

 within the cocoons of the host, while in no instance was the latter para- 

 site reared from cocoons of Notolophus taken the previous winter. He 



Fig. 3 : CHALCIS ovATA : a, pupa ; b^ parasitized pupa oi Notolophus ; c, adult ; d, outline of same 

 from side ; ^, pupal exuvium — enlarged (after Howard: U. S. Dep't agriculture, Division 

 entomology. Tech. ser. no. 5, 1897). 



has also shown that when hymenopterous parasites are comparatively 

 scarce, certain tachinids may destroy large numbers of this pest, the 

 more important being Tachina mella Walk., Frontina frenchii Will, 

 and Euphorocera claripennis Macq. Besides those mentioned above, 

 Dr Howard gives the following as primary parasites of this species : 

 Pimpla conquisitor Say, Pimpla ajinulipes Say, Amorphota orgyiae How., 

 Meteonis cotnmunis Cres., Meteoriis hyphantriae Riley, Lifnneria sp., 

 Limneria valida Cres., Theronia fulvescens BruUe, Apanteles delicatus 



