100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



fei't abovo tlio sea contaiiR'd glacial boulders as if the}' had been 

 dropped in from lloatiii{jj ice. Small lenses of gravel without 

 pebbles of the trap or red sandstone betrayed their more northern 

 origin than the area of Newark rocks. The upper layers of this 

 section were iinich c runijded as if by overriding ice. The sands 

 as a whole were yellow isli and clayey. At one point a deposit of 

 till lay in a shallow de])ression or channel in these sands. 



The surface of this sand knob is clearly an erosion form. The 

 crumpling of the upper layers, and the occurrence of patches of 

 till show that it antedates the last local ice advance; yet the 

 boulders dropped within it point to water at least 60 feet above 

 the present sea level, during the deposit of the sand. But this 

 water had nothing to do with the last glacial retreat. 



The precise relations of these sands to the moraine at the base 

 of the trap sheet is not shown hj sections, but the evidence of ice 

 action over the sands and the failure of sand deposits over the 

 moraine, points evidently to the greater antiquity of the strati- 

 fied deposits north of the moraine. 



Cedar pond 'brook and its deposits. The clays in Haverstraw 

 and North Haverstraw rise to about 50 feet above sea level though 

 they are largely eroded awa}^ so that from place to place they 

 rise to various hights below this level. In the northern part of 

 Haverstraw between the 60 and 80 foot contours, the clays are 

 overlain by about 10 feet of coarse gravels. South of the east 

 and west road a pit in 1900 showed erosion of the clays before the 

 deposition of the gravels. 



Going farther north toward the valley of Cedar pond brook 

 boulders appear in fences over the clays and also over a sand 

 plain with foreset beds inclining to the southeast, showing the 

 action of a stream pushing its delta out in this direction at a 

 level as high as 60 or 80 feet aibove the present sea level. 



Cedar pond brook has in recent times sunk its bed deeply and 

 widely into its ancient delta the largest remnant of which forms 

 the flat projecting point of land on which stands the village of 

 North Haverstraw, at an elevation of about 100 feet above the sea. 



This deposit evidently formerly extended farther south across 

 what is now the ])ath of the stream, thus uniting the coarser 

 gravels and sands over the clays perhaps as far south as Benson's 



