ANCIENT WATER LEVELS OF CHAMPLAIN-HUDSON VALLEYS 121 



along the ice front at the time it crossed the river. The general 

 form of the river bottom in this vicinity is shown in the sketch 

 map, figure 13, in which contour lines have been introduced from 

 the soundings given by the coast survey. 



From this point northward, it seems best to trace out the ice 

 front thus indicated on the east bank of the Hudson since it 

 presents a series of glacial deposits essentially contemporaneous, 

 after doing which the features of the Hudson gorge may be 

 resumed from the same point of departure. 



Ice edge of the Newhurg stage north and ea^t of New Earn- 

 burg. The reconnaissance made of the Hudson valley has suf- 

 ficed to trace the eastern border of the ice mass which lay in the 

 valley north and west of the Highlands nearly to Troy, though 

 it is probable that the facts relied on for evidence on the north 

 pertain to somewhat earlier and later positions of the ice than 

 that shown at New Hamburg. 



Lateral hame terraces. Between New Hamburg and Pough- 

 keepsie [see pi. 6] there are terraces with kame kettles showing 

 the site of remnant blocks of ice, and having steep ice contact 

 slopes facing the Hudson river, the assemblage of structural and 

 topographic features indicating that the ice overlay at this stage 

 the eastern bank of the Hudson for distances varying from ^ a 

 mile to about a mile as far north at least as Staatsburg. The 

 kettle plains of this stage are well developed along Fallkill 

 .creek north of Poaghkeepsie. Further traces of the ice border 

 are found in the southeast corner of Red Hook township 1 mile 

 northwest of Rock City at an elevation of about 320 feet. 

 Further north in the southern corner of Livingston township 

 the topographic map ishows clearly the existence of another 

 deposit along this line of ice front at an elevation of from 280 

 to 300 feet in the course of Roeliff Jansen kill. Going still 

 further north, and at an increasing distance from the river, 

 these kettle plains take ion their most distinct and continuous 

 development [see pi. 7] from near Bluestore to and beyond 

 Livingston. A typical view of the belt may be had near the rail- 

 way station at Elizaville. The ice contact slope has been locally 

 cut back by the stream at this point. The terrace lies at a dis- 

 tance of from 5 to 6 miles east of the river, with its base ap- 



