NOTICES OF BOOKS, 377 
According to M ate development of the pappus is in 
harmo it function it performs in the scattering of the fruits, 
and he holds that th numerous instances of leaves developing 
ehind older s. 5. Occasionally in malformed flo arg 
Introduction) says: ‘ te symmetrical flower consists usuall 
of either four or five whorls of altered /eaves placed immediately one 
within the other. The calyx forms the outer whorl.” ive 
modified leaves. In Maras, Casuarina, and Typha, according to ag- 
nus and Rohrbach (See Sach’s Lehrbuch, ed. 3, p. 464), the stamens 
are morphologically stem-structures, that is, modified caulomes, 
ified phyll 
perianth should invariably be phyllomes? Take the 6 hypogynous 
bristles in Scirpus, and we feel very much inclined to say that we 
low type. He shows that the 
superficial cell like most true hairs, but that a cell of the periblem 
also enters into their composition. This, however, is not a proof that 
willow, &c. é P 
position, both morphologically and physiologically, and conclude that 
the pappus is a series of hairs developed for the purpose of scattering 
ne Jruits, Into the other part of M. Lund’s paper we shall not follow 
im, W. R. Mc 
