396 
Croffwort. 
Cruciata vulgaris. 
The root is fibrous. 
' The ftalks are numerous, upright, fquare, and 
not much branched: they are rough on the fur- 
face, and weak. 
The leaves are placed in an elegant manner, 
four at a joint, at confiderable diftances; and 
they are oblong, broad, of a bright, but fome- 
what yellowifh green, and hairy. 
The flowers are fmall and yellow; and they 
grow in clufters from the bofoms of the upper 
leaves, 
The BR’ IkT; } Shee HE oR Bae i: 
Tt is not uncommon in dty paftures, 
deal of it fpreads over the grave of Mr. 
in the church-yard of Hampttead ; per 
ginally planted there to perpetuate. the | 
that holds the remains of that dilj 
A grea 
Doopy 
haps ori- 
ittle {pot 
gent and carefy] 
botanift. 
C. Bauhine calls it Cruciata hirfuta, Others 
only Cruciata. 
It is an aftringent. ‘The tops, dried and pow- 
dered, are good againft the over 
flowings of the 
menfes, and in the fluor albus, : 
Ue 
G E ; N IL, 
MADDER. 
: Re Ue BY TRS. 
HE flower is formed of a fingle petal, hollow at the bafe, and deeply divided into four feg: 
ments. ‘The cup is very fmall: it is formed of a fingle piece, divided into four Parts; and 
is placed upon the rudiment of the fruit. 
gether. 
Linneus places this among the tetrandria monogynia 
‘the flyle fingle. 
Madder. 
Rubia fylveftris afpera. 
The root is compofed of numerous, long, and 
thick parts, which run under the furface, and 
fpread to a great diftance’: it is of a red colour, 
and confifts of a hard fubftance on the centre, 
with a tender juicy covering, 
The ftalks are numerous, fquare, not very 
firm, branched, and a foot and half high: they 
are of a'pale green, and are very rough to the 
touch, and will ftick to any thing, like the ftalks 
of cleavers. 
The leaves are placed with great regularity at 
the joints, five or fix at each; and they fpread out 
in the manner of rays, 
The flowers are very numerous, and: grow in 
Gage N 
The feeds are two after every flower: 
with a pulpy matter, and furrounded with a fkin; 
they are covered 
fo that they refemble two berries tuck clofe to- 
3 the threads in the flower being four, and 
clufters at the tops of the br 
of a faint yellowith green, 
The fruit is large, and dark coloured, . 
We have it in plenty in our weftern counties, 
Tt flowers in July. % 
C. Bauhine calls it Rubia Lloeftris afpera qtee 
Diofcoridis. Others, Rubia tinétorum, 
Mr. Ray has joined the common writersin fe- 
parating as diftin@ {pecies madder thus in its wild 
ftate, and fuch as is cultivated; but there is no 
other difference between th 
em, than that the 
cultivated kind is large becaufe better nourifhed, 
anches ; and they are 
Tt is of vaft ufe in dying, and is alfo employed 
in medicine. It is good againft obftru@tions of 
the vifcera, and in habitual purgings, 
Ue Ss III. 
LITTLE MADDER. 
RUBEOLAZ ; 
6 ee flower is formed of a fingle petal 
into four parts. The cup is very {mall, 
formed alfo of a fingle Piece, and divided into 
and they are conneéted lengthways into an 
each is flat on one fide, rounded on the other, 
Linneus places this among the setrandyia 
the ftyle fingle. He tak 
Little Field-Madder, 
Rubeola arvenfis cerulea, 
The root is long and 
about with many fibres, 
The ftalks are numer 
the moft part procumben 
and feldom branched. 
The leaves ftand feveral together in a regular 
flender, and is hung 
ous and weak, and for 
t: they are fquare, hairy, 
7 
3 and is tubular at the bafe, 
and is placed Upon the rudi 
four fegments, 
oblong fruit, crowned at 
and fharp-pointed. 
monogynia the threads in the fl 
€s away the received name rudeo 
and divided at the edge 
ment of the fruit: it is 
The feeds are two after every flower , 
the top : when feparated, 
ower being four, and 
Ja, and calls the Senus /herardia. : 
manner, difpofed like rays, fix or eight at a joint: 
they are oblong, pointed, and of a fine green. 
The flowers are fmall and blue. 
The feeds are oblong and large, 
‘It is common in plowed lands, and flowers in 
Nulyeeum 
C. Bauhine calls it Rud 
rulea, 
Its virtues are not certainly known, 
cola repens arvenfis ce- 
GENUS 
