The *BeRSL 141 Si HERBAL. 
429 
3. Thiftle upon Thiftle. 
Carduus caule crifpo. 
The root is fibrous and white. 
The ftalks are numerous, tough, upright, 
branched, and edged with very fharp prickles, 
The leaves are long, narrow, of a deep green, 
divided at the edges, and very prickly. 
The. flowers ftand at the tops of the branches 
in numerous fmall heads; and they are of a pale 
red. 
‘It is common under hedges, and flowers in 
July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus fpinofifimus angufti- 
folius vulgaris. 
4. Welted Thiftle, with {mall fowers. 
Carduus fpinofifimus floribus minoribus. 
The root is long, thick, and furnifhed with 
many fibres. 
The ftalk is three feet high, edged at the feve- 
ral fides with prickly membranes from the bafes 
of the leaves, and of a dufky green. 
The leaves are oblong, confiderably broad, 
dentated and finuated at the edges, and very 
prickly. 
The flowers are placed in fmall heads at the 
tops of the ftalks, and in the bofoms of the up- 
per leaves, and they are of a pale red. 
It is found on ditch-banks in loamy foils, and 
flowers in Auguft, 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus acanthoides. 
tiver, Carduus [pinofiffimus capitulis minoribus. 
Pe- 
5. Marth-Thiftle. 
Carduus paluftris. 
The root is compofed of numerous, tough, 
brown fibres. 
The ftalk is upright, not much branched, and 
feven feet high: it is ufually of a brownith co- 
Jour, with a tinge of purple, and. is. very 
prickly. 
The leaves are long, and moderately broad, of 
a deep green, and fet with thorns. 
The flowers ftand at the tops of the ftalk, fix 
or eight together; and they are of a deep purple. 
It is frequent in meadows, and flowers in 
June. 
C.Bauhine calls it Carduus paluftris. 
Carduus aquaticus. 
Others, 
6. Marfh-Thiftle, with a fingle head. 
Carduus paluftris fingulari capitulo. 
The root is formed of numerous, thick, white 
bres. , 
The ftalk is upright, redifh, very prickly, not 
much branched, and four feet high. 
The leaves are very large, broad, oblong, and 
moderately prickly. 
The flower ufually ftands fingle at the fummit 
of the ftalk: it isa large prickly head, contain- 
ing numerous flofcules of a very bright purple. 
It is found in our fen countries, and flowers in 
uly. 
Plukenet calls it Carduus paluftris mitior bar- 
dane capitulo in fummo caule fingulari. 
The flower is fometimes white, 
N° XLII. 
7. Dwarf Carline Thiftle, 
Carlina humilis. 
The root is long and thick, 
fibres. 
The leaves lie fpread upon the ground ; land 
they are long and large, very deeply and irregu- 
larly divided at the edges, and fet with ftrong, 
fharp prickles. 
The flower is large, and of a fine purple: it 
fearce rifes from the ground, but grows in the 
centre of the leaves upon a very fhort ftalk, 
It is common in dry paftures in many of our 
fouthern counties, and flowers in July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carlina acaulis lore minore 
purpureo. Others, Carlina acaulis JSeptentriona- 
lium. 
and has many 
8. Spear-Thiftle, 
Carduus lanceatus. 
The root is long, and hung with many fibres, 
The ftalk-is upright, fix feet high, very prickly, 
and divided into numerous branches, 
The leaves are long and large: their colour is 
a pale green ; and they are divided deeply at the 
edges into pointed fegments ; and at the ends are 
formed in the fame manner, refembling the point 
of a fpear, 
The flowers grow at the tops of the branches ; 
and are large and purple. 
Tt is common in wafte places, and flowers in 
July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus lanceatus latifolius. 
9. Small Spear-Thiftle. 
Carduus lanceatus minor. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres. 
The ftalk is upright, divided into many 
branches, and four feet high: its colour is a 
greyith green, and it is very prickly. 
The leaves are long, and narrow: they are 
deeply divided into fharp fegments; and they 
Tun out into a long point at the end. 
The flowers are fmall, and of a pale red ; and 
they ftand in great clufters at the extremities of 
the branches. 
It is common by way-fides, and flowers in 
Auguft, 
Ray calls it Carduus lanceatus flore et capite mi- 
noribus. 
10. Giant-Thiftle. 
Carduus lanceatus maximus. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres, con- 
nected to a large head. 
The ftalk is upright, firm, very prickly, not 
much branched, and eight feet high. 
The leaves are very large, long, confiderably 
broad, of a fine deep green, and divided in the 
fpear-pointed manner at the fides and ends. 
The flowers are few in number; but they are 
very large: they ftand at the tops of the branches, 
and are of a fine purple. 
It is common in our northern counties, and 
flowers in July. 
Ray calls it Carduus lanceatus major. 
5R 11. Wooly 
