92 EXTRACTS AND ABSTRACTS. 
sympathy with younger workers, conferred on Linneus the privilege 
of heading a general movement having for its object the extension, to 
exotic vegetation, of the then best-known botanical method. It is 
much to be desired that observers imbued with the latest views 
should be found in all parts of the tropics. Xx. 
€rtracts and Abstracts. 
Tur Nomencrarvre oF SPrRaL-DIRECTION IN Prants. 
Sur la désignation de la direction des spires dans les plantes, par 
A. de Canpotte. (* Bulletin de la Soci¢té botanique de France,” 
rotating body o ‘ order to obtain a consistent plan for 
describing the direction of rotation or convolution, which shall apply 
ge to variou i itions, it is necessary to 
‘make the rule dependent alone on the rotating or convoluted body 
itself, and entirely independent of the accidental position of any actu 
observer. For example, the direction of convolution of the corolla- 
lobes in a Gardenia is really the same whether an observer views it 
sverse 
section of it. The practice of some botanists, who prefer to adapt 
their terms to what they expect will suit the immediate convenience 
of an ordinary observer of the rotation or convolution under descrip- 
tion, does not rest on a good philosophical basis, and is liable to run 
counter to a like convenience when the conditions are somewhat 
consequen give rise to confusion. 
- de Candolle shows that Linneus adopted the just method of 
to) ing it. er 
the right-hand side of the presidential chair in a public meeting is 
what appears as the left to the members of the assembly, and though 
