284 THE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF LICHENS. 
similar to those of the’ Inuline of Composete. The paper contains also a 
tabulation of the principal differences between Inuline and Amylo- 
- dextrine. Ss. M 
—— 
Tue Sexvat Repropuction or LIcHENs., 
ree sur emgage ane greta der Flechten. Von E. Sraut. 
Heft 1. Leipzig. 1877. 
Tuus first part is mainly forte io an account of the sexual repro- 
duction of the Collemaceze. Whenone pono the thallus of Colleals 
microphyllum, proceeding from the middle he edge, one sees apo- 
thecia in all stages of development. Near che ee the first foundations 
of apothecia are found in the form of small filamentary jointed coils 
spiral arrangement. From this coiled structure (ascogonium) & 
several-celled filament (trichogyne) proceeds to the surface of the 
Ilus, where it terminates in. a short free tip. The number of 
meee ray coils is tolerably constant Gisully 21-3), but this is not the 
h the cells composing the tric chogynial filaments, which may 
va: ‘een six and twelve or more in number, according to the 
position and direction of the trichogyne: the free end of the latter, 
is never seen on the under surface of the thallus, is either 
ax shaped or cylindrical with a rounded tip ; sometimes, indeed, it 
may be divided into two equal or unequal parts. In this species the 
close 
with the process observed in Floridee. It is evident that the small 
size of the spermatia, and the short time of their remaining in contact 
with the trichogyne, are both circumstances which render a section 
showing actual union exceedingly cult; but the author seems 
tolerably satisfied with what he saw on this head. In the ascogonium 
the first ae of fertilisation is seen in the increased size of its cells, 
the number of which increases by formation of transverse septa. The 
paraphyses take origin as branches from the primitive coil, and the 
number of these branches increasing, one next sees the beginning of 
the hymenium. The asci then arise as outgrowths from the ascoge- 
nous threads ; and by this time the trichogyne is sharply distinguish- 
assumption of a knotted form owing to the thickening of the tran 
verse walls of its cells, and to their before transparent sontante 
becoming yellowish and highly refractive. 
