BOTANICAL COLLECTING 161 
strating that the popular idea of that country as one vast rice-field 
was fall acious, as it m yee consisted i vast mountain-ranges cut 
up by deep valleys. In s ° of the slides the home tral the wild 
forms of the Chrysant satel Primula sinensis, ete., 
and the lecturer alluded to the early history of hOrtiol be in an 
stating that the first botanical garden there was made 111 B.c. in 
Shensi, plants from subtropical regions, as the Banana, Areca Pal 
es i um 
said that the text-book etiam tea epiphytes of highée types shia 
ferns do not occur in Europe is weeping, as in the moist warm 
climate of Ireland, see U ebilions 4 in Wicklow covers the trunk 
and branches of the , While Rhododendrons in two cases were 
seen by him isi on he ark of Pinus sylvestris; and Pyrus 
Aucuparia seems to be a true epiphyte in various parts of igen 
an ales. Dr. tices alluded to ‘‘ mimicry” in plants, in the 
case of two species of Lysimachia (a polymorphic gen us in China), 
one of which mimicked Paris gual, with 4 leaves, ‘adie the 
other recalled another species of Paris with i018 leaves. He 
referred also to the extraordinary victicii of species on calcareous 
soils as compared with other _ a fact constantly seen in China, 
and well ma nse F asked for some explanation. 
ina, as elsewhere, pure woods we: is rare, being only formed 
by a few conifers, snipe Abies Fargesii at high altitudes in Hupeh, 
Cupr essus funebris e same province at lower levels, Pinus Mas- 
soniana (almost erecranen: in the central and southern provinces), 
other species of Pinus more local ; also certain species of Oak widely 
tri ; I 
understood: e.g. in this country Ash seeded freely, and in some 
places for a time looked as if it would grow into a pure wood; but 
apparently pure forests 2 nrg only occurred on extremely rich soil 
in some districts in Russ 
With regard to bota nical collecting, three stages had occurred. 
At an early period plants were collected to be merely named and 
fact, they e i 
third peri 
that of the present Fes was a step ened, in that attention should 
the sole aim 3 the collector, and the study of the known 
ed ies be taken in hand in their living conditions. He advocated 
map-making of small areas, census- -tal ing, measurements, records 
of natural seedlings, soil, shade, etc., ete. ; and to illustrate this 
plan showed a series of. slides taken in France, the idea of which 
wa: species o a 
different altitudes and on different soils. These slides included 
Beech, Spruce, Pinus Cembra, P. montana (which, according to 
