348 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
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Robert Brown, who, by his investigation of difficult points in the 
morphology of the flower and see eed, : and his critical work on groups 
tural system. By showing, in 1827, that the female flower 
n conifers and cycads is really a naked ovule, he established the 
distine tion ws vine gymnosperms and angiosperms. 
m begun by the Jussieus and developed by the 
De Candelles gy its most complete presentation as regards the 
aig meet: in the arrangement Sy by Bentham and Hooker 
vascular nc itt ms with m wana ne ons. John Lin ar in his 
Introduction to the Natural Syston of Botany (1880), gives a slight 
modification of De Candolle’ 8 arrangement, uniting the apetalous 
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sharp distinction between cryptogams and phanerogams. Stephan 
Endlicher (Genera Piantarwn, 1836-40) distinguis hes two main 
, groups— Thallophyta (alge, erate and fungi) and Cormophyta; 
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To tne ore must add a new group, Cycadofilices, intermediate 
Pteridophyta and eee which recent investigation 
of fossil plants has brought to light. 
While a fairly general et as been reached as to the 
limitation of ow pongo of the Ser world, there is some 
difference me! the smaller groups 
Aa W, "Hichlee (Syllabus, 1880) 2 up a atin which differs from 
