CORDEAUX : ADDRESS TO YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS. 197 
covered by a series of high parallel ridges like the waves of the 
_ Atlantic; these are called the terminal moraines, and mark successive 
_ Stages of repose when the ice cliff has remained stationary. ‘These 
_ moraines are covered with a carpet of Arctic plants of great interest; 
also willow scrub and Arctic birch (Betula nana), What most 
_ Surprised me was the luxuriance and profusion* of more southern 
plants: yellow blooms of the European globe flower (Z>vd/ius 
_ @urepeus), masses of rose bay or French willow herb (Zpdobium 
_ angustifolium), meadow sweet (Spirea ulmaria), golden-rod (Solidago 
_ ‘Wirgaurea), water fig-wort (Scrophularia aquatica), feld gentian 
the influence of a loosened soil and sunlight, and that they n 
a flora ie before the glacial period, overran the entire palzarctic 
During this ice age, Arctic plants, such as we now find in the 
_ ‘Rorth, were present with the musk ox, the reindeer, lemming and 
_ S#0wy owl, as far south as the northern shores of the Mediterranean, 
ancient flora must now be sought for in high altitudes; the 
Summits of the mountain ranges of Europe, of in high northern 
latitudes at the sea level. 
In the Yorkshire hills and high moorlands in the north-west of 
” county still linger some relics of the Arctic age: such as the 
alpine scurvy-grass (Coch/earia alpina), which grows in the greatest 
: usion on sea cliffs near the North Cape; the cloudberry (Rubus 
), the Knot-berry of Yorkshire, the ‘ Noops’ of Northum- 
berland, and the Multibcer of Norway; the purple saxifrage 
; Stepetala, one Yorkshire station ; the plant was everywhere in 
4 August, in Arctic Europe, and I found few examples of the large 
