CORDEAUX : ADDRESS TO YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS. 199 
for the scattered remnants of the old glacial flora, the flowers, fruits, 
exquisite tinted lichens, and the mosses, on the Arctic tundras, come 
asarevelation. For in the space of a very few square yards it is 
possible to find a dozen rare and much prized plants, and many others 
not found in Britain. 
One most striking feature of the tundra is the extraordinary 
abundance and fertility of the small fruit-bearing plants. The 
delicious cloudberry, with its terminal orange fruit, gives quite a 
colour to the ground, it is the commonest tundra plant. On the 
Yorkshire moors it is a shy fruit-bearer. Then there is a perfect net- 
work of the cranberry or crakeberry, the bluish-black berries in excess 
of the leaves; black bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina); the scarlet 
clusters of the cowberry ; the dull-red of Cornus suecica ; wortleberry ; 
and the larger fruit of the bog wortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) ; 
red berries of the low-growing cranberry (exported in great quantities 
from Russia) ; the black-berries, with a glaucous bloom, in dense 
clusters of the dwarf juniper (Juniperus nana). All this profusion of 
small fruit is not wasted in these wilds, for in a few weeks after ripen- 
ing, it is buried deep in snow, remaining sweet and good, and in the 
spring, when the snow melts, and before. insect food is available, 
supplies an inexhaustible source of food to the tens of thousands of 
migratory birds, which go to nest on the bare, wind-swept, treeless 
tundras of the Northland. 
On the same ground as the cloudberry, was a plant in growth and 
appearance much the same, a short, erect, slender, wiry stem, and 
ternate leaves, which fade to a wealth of scarlet and purple in autumn. 
Each little stem is crowned with a lovely deep joured blossom, 
but I found no berry, for it requires even a higher latitude than the 
mainland of Sub-Arctic Europe to produce and ripen fruit of the 
Arctic brambie (Rubus arcticus). 
Coveries, chiefly made through the researches of Mr. H. B. Hewetson, 
ident of the Leeds Naturalists’ Club, in connection with the 
The forest-bed between Kilnsea and Easington, which is repre- 
Sented by a thin seam of peat and vegetable matter resting on clay, 
hazel, bi 
_ Oak ; one trunk of the latter hada woodpecker's hole init. The bed 
