REPORT OF THE STATE PALEONTOLOGIST I903 177 



Heinrich Ries in his report on the geology of Orange county, 

 N. Y.,^ gives a concise description of the successive horizons with a 

 few fossils from each. He notes the greater prominence of the 

 cleavage in the higher beds, so that the '' bedding is often totally 

 obliterated. "2 



Besides the above, Beecher, Darton and Schuchert have done more 

 or less work in reference to this region. 



This mountain^ which represents one limb of an anticline, is a 

 typical monoclinal ridge of the Appalachian type. It is, however, 

 not a simple ridge but is made up of many minor ridges, as the 



Fig. 2 Complex monoclinal ridge (Rogers^ 



accompanying ideal figure will show [fig.2].^ All those dipping in 

 the same direction contribute to the making of the mountain. We 

 have here, then, what Rogers called a complex monoclinal ridge.* 



These minor ridges, locally termed hogbacks, are usually, if not 

 always, capped by a harder or more resistant stratum than that im- 

 mediately beneath and are the result of normal erosion. Attacked by 

 atmospheric agencies and in certain instances at least aided during 

 present and past times by running water, the weaker stratum is dis- 

 integrated and washed away. The upper resistant stratum, thus 

 undermined, breaks off by its own weight and falling, lies as talus 

 covering the southeast slope of the hogback. The angle of slope of 

 this talus depends on the size of the fragments. The northwest slope 

 conforms in a greater or less degree to the dip of the beds. 



There is evidence, in a slight development of slickensides etc., of 

 more or less disturbance in the region, which leads one to suspect 

 the presence of faults. The great development of hogbacks, which 



'N. Y. State Geol. 15th An. Rep't 1895. p.395-475. 



' p.429. 



^In altitude it is only a hill as the highest elevation is only about 750 feet. 

 ^Rogers, H. D. Geol. of Pa. 1858. v. 2, pt 2, p. 920. 



