BR ie! NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Osten Sacken, C. R. On the Transformations of Simulium. Am. Ent. 
2:229. With references 
Planchon, J. E. Histoire d’une larva aquatique des genre Simulium. 
Montpellier. 1844. p.15 
‘Pohl. (Pohl & Koller). ‘A Brazilian Pest,’ in Reise in das Innere von 
Brazil. 1832 
Riley, C. V. The Death Web of Young Trout. Net of Simulium larvae. 
Am. Ent. 1870. 2:227-28 
S.piscicidium. Am. Ent. 1870. p.366, 367 
Simulium from Lake Superior. Am. Nat. 1881. 15:916 
Buffalo Gnat Problem, abstract. Am. Ass’n Ady. Sci. Proce. for 
1887.° May 1888. 86:362 
S. pecuarum and meridionale. U.S. Com. Agric. Rep’t 
for 1886. 1887. p.459-592 
Schiocdte. S.fuscipes. Kvaegmyggen. Berlingske Tidende. May 16, 
1878 , 
Schonbauer. Geschichte der schaedlichen Kolumbatezer Miicken in 
Bannat. 1795 
‘Theobald. Simulium Larvae. British Flies. p.166 
‘Tomosvary, Edward. Im Auftrage d. K. ung. Minist. f. Ackerbau, etc. 
Uebers. v. Joh. Wieny. 1885 
‘Townsend, C. H. T. On the Correlation of Habit in Nematocerous and 
Brachycerous Diptera, between Aquatic Larvae and Blood-sucking Adult 
Females. N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 3:134, 1386 
On a species of Simulium from Grand Cafion of Colorado. Am. 
Ent. Soc. Trans. 1898. 20:45 
Verdat, G. J. Mémoire pour servir a Vhistoire des Simulies. Naturw. 
Anz. d. Schweiz. Ges. 1822 
Webster, F. M. Report on the Buffalo Gnats. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Div. 
Ent. Bul. 4. 1887. p.29 
‘Weissmann. Ueber die Entstehung des vollendeten Insecten in Larve 
und Puppe, p.25-30, tab. 1, 2, 3 
‘Westwood. The Water Cress Fly. Gardner’s Chron. 1848. p.204 
The life histories of some of the members of this family have 
long been known. Otto Fabricius in 1784! published an arti- 
cle, “ Beschreibung der Atlasmticke und ihrer Puppe.” A little 
later (1795) Schénbauer published his account of the immature 
stages of the Columbacz midge. He was the first to state 
that these earlier stages are passed in the water. In 
1822 appeared Verdat’s paper, on Simulium seri- 
ceum (S. reptans, according to Schiner) in which 
he figures the pupa, the larva, together with enlarged 
details of the mouth parts of the latter. Among other 
early writings on life history may be mentioned Fries’s 
1Schr. d. Berl. Ges. naturf. Fr. 5:254-59, tab.3, fig.1-5. 
