AQUATIC INSECTS IN NEW YORK STATE 347 
ent planes and covered by the hair, they are somewhat obscured. 
The mandible is furnished with a dense fringe of hairs extend- 
ing over its apex, more or less overhanging the teeth. Near 
the base on the ventral side (the jaws moving in a horizontal 
plane) is a fan of hairs which projects mesad, at right angles 
to the long axis of the mandible. Ventrad and mesad of the 
mandible are the maxillae. The maxilla with its palpus pro- 
jecting outwardly is shaped somewhat like a mitten, the pal- 
pus representing the thumb [pl.36, fig.2]. Several long fringes 
of hairs extending cephalad and mesad, cover the surface of 
the lacinia, among which is a single stout spurlike process. 
On the palpus are a few scattered bristles, at its base usually 
a small tuft of hairs, and its apex is provided with papillae. 
The chitinous labrum is a short, somewhat semicircular shaped 
piece overhanging the mouth, its plane being nearly perpen- 
dicular to the long axis of the larva. Externally it is stiffened 
by a T or Y shaped brace, the stem forming a longitudinal 
keel [p1.33, fig.11, and pl.36, fig.5]. Extending apically is a long 
fringe of hairs, and back of the suture, combed backward and 
outward, are long hairs. The apical margin is sometimes ser- 
rate. The hypopharynx, through which the silk thread passes, 
is a rather complex structure; it consists primarily of two flat- 
tened chitinized plates, connected by membrane, forming a flat- 
tened tube [p1.37, fig.2]. At the apical (cephalic) end of this 
is articulated a complex chitinous doubly arched segment with 
two fringes of long, coarse hairs. The ventral plate is some- 
what quadrangular in shape, widened cephalad, with its ante- 
rior and posterior margins concave, and its lateral margins 
sinuous. On its anterior margin, apically, is a transverse chi- 
tinous comb [pl.36, fig.4]. The dorsal plate [pl.37, fig.2] is 
composed of two triangular pieces joined on the center line. 
On its apical (cephalic) edge is a transverse comb which projects 
cephalad and ventrad. This comb lies somewhat cephalad of 
the comb of the ventral plate. The dotted lines of plate 36, 
figure 4, mark the position of the dorsal plate. The ducts from 
the silk glands [pl.37, fig.2] pass up between the two plates, the 
