AQUATIC INSECTS IN NEW YORK STATE A411 
Length 9 or 10 mm; cell 2d R only a little longer than M [pl.42, 
fig.8]. Thorax striped; body brown; legs yellow, with dark 
brown or black erect scales. United States, widely dis- 
tributed. Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifliig. 1828. 1:13.... 
ciliata Fabricius 
The life history of P. ciliata is given by Howard in the 
Canadian Entomologist for 1900 and also in his work on mos- 
quitos. Of the larva he says, “from Culex it differs in having 
a longer breathing tube, longer and more pointed blood gills, 
and the hair fringe on the under side of the anal segment much 
longer and denser. The jaws are sharply toothed and very 
long.” From the figure it appears also that the mouth brushes 
project laterally and not forward as in Culex. Figures are 
given in both of the papers of Howard, mentioned above. 
Genus CULEX Linne 
The species of this genus are the ordinary mosquitos. In most 
respects they are like the species of the genus Anopheles, but 
differ from them in that the male alone possesses the elongate 
palpi, in the female these are very short; the mesothorax is more 
arched and more nearly vertical in front; and the hypopygium 
of the male is quite conspicuous, whereas with Anopheles it is 
small and inconspicuous. In other respects, including the biting 
habits of the female, just like Anopheles. 
It may be added, that in all species of Culex examined it was 
- found that the fourth tarsal joint of the fore leg in the male is 
only about as long as it is broad; and that the last joint of the 
palpus is pointed. The wing venation also appears to present 
ditierences from Anopheles, in that the spur at the base of 
R,+, is usually wanting in Culex. 
Larva. The larvae are usually known as wrigglers, and char- 
acterized by their rapid wriggling movements, their wormlike 
bodies and disproportionately large heads with a pair of prom- 
inent eyes, an enlarged thorax, and their possessing on the 
dorsal surface of the eighth segment an elongate breathing tube. 
The eggs of some species are laid on the surface of the 
pond or pool in an oblong mass or boat, which in 
the warmer spring or summer weather hatches within 
a day or less. The small transparent larvae are 
extremely active from birth. They come to the surface to 
breathe, the elongate breathing tube of the last segment being 
in contact with the surface film, the cephalic end hanging 
Gbliquely downward, When disturbed the larva descends to the 
