AQUATIC INSECTS IN NEW YORK STATE 433 
containing Chironomus and allied genera, the second containing 
Tanypus and some others, and the third, Ceratopogon etc. Be- 
-Sides this, there are a few aberrant genera which can not well 
be placed in any of the above mentioned groups. 
The bibliography of the biologic literature is rather extensive, 
specially for European species; and I will therefore give only 
that which may be of particular interest to the American reader. 
Brauer, F. Syst. Studien auf Grundlage der Dipteren-Larven nebst einer 
Zusammenstellung von Beispielen aus der Literatur ueber dieselben 
und Beschreibungen neuer Formen. Denkschr, d. k. zoo. bot. Gesell. 
Wien. 1883. 47:1-100, pl.1-5 : 
Fries. Monographia Tanyporum Sueciae. 1824 
Gercke. Verh. Ver. Hamburg. 1877. 4:6, and 1880. v.6 . 
Kieffer, J. J. Allgemeine Zeitsch. f. Ent. Aug. 1901. Ceratopogon and 
Wulpiella 
Meinert, Fr. De eucephale Muggelarver. With extensive bibliography. 
1886 
Miall & Hammond. The Harlequin Fly. On the Life History and 
Anatomy of Chironomus dorsalis. With bibliography. 1901 
Packard, A. S. On Insects Inhabiting Salt Water. Am. Jour. Sci. no. 2. 
1871. Species of Ceratopogon (nec Tanypus) 
‘Hssex Inst. Proce, 6:42. Chironomus oceanicus 
Pettit, R. H. Mich. Acad, Sci. 1900. p.110. A Leaf-mining Chironomus 
Osborn, H. Iowa Exp. Sta. Bul. 32. Chironomus Larva 
Smith, Sidney. United States Fish. Com. v.2, Rep’t for 1872 and 1873. 
Sketch of the Invertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior. Larva of Chirono- 
mus 
The Chironomidae are gnatlike flies of slender form, the males 
conspicuous for their plumose antennae. They may be distin. 
guished from mosquitos, which they resemble very much, by the 
costal vein not being continuous on the posterior side of the 
wing. The larvae are soft skinned, wormlike, and usually 
aquatic, though some are terrestrial. These midges are often 
seen, specially in the early spring or in the autumn, in immense 
swarms, dancing in the air. For a more complete characteriza. 
tion of the family the reader is referred to Comstock’s Manual for 
the Study of Insects or to Williston’s Manual of the North American 
Diptera. 
Gercke, in Verh. Ver. Hamburg, 1878, 4:225, distinguishes the 
larvae of Chironomus and Tanypus thus: “All Chironomus lar- 
vae have a cylindrical body, a short oval head; the smaller spe- 
