446 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
it was an easy matter to determine the length of the egg period. 
By visiting the region daily till the hatching took place, the © 
period was found to be nine or ten days. Hatching seems to 
take place only in the dark. In the region of Ithaca in 1899, the 
hatching took place mostly during the first half of June. It was 
observed that many masses of eggs never hatch. Some masses 
of old eggs, apparently dried and dead, were found to hatch 
when placed in a moist bottle in the collector’s pocket. In sey- 
eral cases these were found to hatch within an hour from the 
time they were taken. The only explanation is that they had be- 
come too dry, and the moisture in the bottle helped to soften the 
- eggshells so that the young larvae could break through. 
Larva. The young larvae when hatched differ somewhat in 
.ppearance and structure from the older larvae above described, 
specially in having relatively longer filaments and legs, and 
larger heads with larger mouth parts and only two jointed 
antennae. 
Miall [1895], who has made a study of S. lutarius, states 
that the larvae live about a year in streams with muddy bot- 
toms. My observation of S. infumata indicates that the 
larval life is at least two years. However, the exact length is 
yet to be determined more certainly. Miall states that he found 
freshly hatched larvae of his species “ wriggling out on leaves” 
many yards from the nearest stream or pond.” I have seen 
nothing like this, as S. infumata always places the eggs 
where the young when hatched will fall directly into the water. 
The larvae live in the bottoms of streams which are either 
muddy or sandy. I have most often found them in deep sand 
or gravel, perhaps 6 inches or a foot below the bed of the stream. 
At this depth the larvae of Corydalis, perhaps their worst ene- 
mies, seldom find them. Tests made as to their food habits 
show that they are carnivorous, and will eat soft bodied caddis 
worms, small Chauliodes larvae and even eat one another very 
readily. The larvae do not come to the surface nor abandon 
their aquatic life till nearly ready to pupate. When captured, 
they often eject a black liquid from the mouth. This means of 
defense is much more commonly used by them mica by the larvae — 
of Chauliodes and Corydalis. 
Pupa. The pupae of this species have only once been found in 
their natural conditions by the writer. Prof. J. H. Comstock 
first found them buried several inches in the earth some yards 
