24 KEEGAN: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN ROSACE. 
with water they yield the poisonous prussic acid. The bark contains 
a tannin with reactions similar to those of the Hawthorn, Horse- 
chestnut, and Tormentil root. The leaves contain a considerable 
quantity of a tannin which is similar to that of the bark, and seems 
associated with rutin, much mucilage, resin, and phlobaphene. The 
unripe berries have much malic acid, with small quantities of ra 
and tartaric acids, also amygdalin, emulsin, sorbitol C;H,,O;+ y 
glucose, and a volatile acid with a repulsive odour. The ripe Sanaa 
contain a very acid tannin allied to caffetannin, which on oxidation 
yields protocatechuic acid; their colouring matter is due to carotin. 
Wild Rose (Rosa canina, etc.). The flowers of all roses have 
the same chemical composition, viz., a little volatile oil very rich in 
drogen, a tannin with reactions similar to that of the oak bark, 
also rutin, fat, resin, sugar, tartaric and malic acids. The colour- 
eee properties of the tannin are enhanced by the presence of 
rutin, and their oxidation products ensure that the real colour of 
a ite is red,and never can be blue. The leaves are similar in 
composition to the flowers, but of course have more wax, also carotin, 
chlorophyll, coniferin, etc. The hip or fruit has much carotin in its 
outer layer, also rutin, an iron-greening tannin, with much gum, 
sugar, oud citric and malic acids, with their salts, in the pulp. 
Lady’s Mantle (A/chemilla alpina). The plants of this 
species po were collected at a height of about goo feet. Its 
range, however, extends to over 3,000 feet, and as is well known, it 
is entirely confined to the slate hills, being absent from Durham and 
Northumberland, and from nearly the whole of Yorkshire. e 
most obvious features of its analysis are its abundance of chlorophyll 
and of starch and other products of assimilation, while the morphology 
indicates an intense transpiration. e petroleum or benzene extract 
of the plant contains carotin, a white wax, palmitic acid, and a little 
olein. The alcohol extract has no rutin, nor citric acid ; it contains 
a tannin which precipitates gelatine, tartar emetic, and sulphate of 
quinine, with iron salts a blue-black precipitate, with protosulphate 
of iron a red-purple precipitate ; it is also precipitated by perchloride 
of tin, bichromate of potass, and acetate of copper; its lead salt is 
insoluble in acetic acid; boiled with dilute sulphuric acid it yields 
a red-brown phlobaphene which fused with potass gives proto- 
catechuic acid and phloroglucol. The aqueous extract (after above) 
has mucilage, and citric and malic, but no tartaric acid. After 
extracting with benzene, the plant, on boiling with lime-water, has 
some quinic acid apparently, and a substance soluble in alkalies and 
in hot alcohol which, with sulphuric acid and sugar, gives a red- 
brown or crimson colour, changing to bluish-green. 
Naturalist, 
