’ YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT THE HOLE OF HORCUM. 2II 
For the Geological Section its president, Mr. Samuel Chadwick, 
F.G.S., reported that the active collectors present included himself, 
Rev. S. Jenkinson, Mr. Oldfield, Mr. T. Comber, Mr. Jones and the 
Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S., the last named being the leader. 
The Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S., writes that he and 
his party kept to the lower of the two platforms which 
characterise this district, viz., the Kellaways Rock. This bed, 
formed of hard irony sandstone, extends for miles, with a gentle dip 
southwards, on the northern margin of the Tabular Hills, which, in 
fact, are built upon it. The first halt was made at the quarry 
near the square tower or shooting-lodge, which may be seen from 
the railway. Here an excellent and charming view was obtained of 
the deep valley of Newton Dale, which represents on a small scale 
the cafions of the river Colorado, and affords an illustration of a 
similar process of denudation. In either case a level platform forms 
the surface, cut into with steep cliffs by the river running at the 
bottom, which runs at right angles to the line of hills, showing that 
the stream has worked its way downwards as the land originally rose 
upwards. Walking across the heather, another hour found the 
members assembled at Saltersgate Inn for light refreshments. 
Without much delay, a move was made for the upper platform of the 
Lower Calcareous Grit, but many were astonished to find that the 
platform, instead of being continuous, was hollowed out at this point 
into a vast com be: which Celtic word the name Horcum is 
probably derived—ca meeting of nearly half York- 
Shire. A barrier of a few yards only separates the Hole of Horcum 
from the Moors to the north, and in process of time may disappear, 
leaving a continuous valley through, as has already been the case in 
Bilsdale, at the western extremity of this line of hills. The floor of 
the Hole of Horcum is composed of the same Kellaways rock as the 
platform already alluded to outside, and is therefore an inlier. 
Proceeding still higher to Winny Neb, a magnificent panorama 
was unfolded. Immediately in front, facing east, stood up Blakey 
Topping, a conical hill as viewed from the Wolds, 200 feet high, 
composed of Lower Calcareous Grit on the top, with ons sides of 
Oxford Clay, resting on the Kellaways rock. It is a fine example 
of an outlier. Beyond it in the distance was seen Tatas End, 
a narrow ridge running north and south, composed of the same 
strata. Rather to the south-east appeared Cross Cliff, a fine range, 
and between it and Langdale the blue sea, with Scarborough Castle 
peeping over the end of Cross Cliff. 
Still more to the south-east appeared Speeton Mill, and the 
perpendicular cliffs of Bempton and Buckton as far as Thornwick. 
July 1895. 
