1870.] 29 [Pepper. 
porous, but very few osteophytes exist, save on the lower third. The 
intervening grooves run transversely, but are neither deeply nor sharply 
cut. 
On section (Figs. 16 and 17) the line of the original bone can be dis- 
tinguished throughout ; the laminew of the new growth are very marked ; 
the sclorosis has welded together all the new layers anteriorly, and at 
the junction of the upper and middle thirds, the new and old growths 
are almost melted together both anteriorly and posteriorly. The inter- 
space between the old bone and the first new lamina reaches one-fourth 
of an inch in width just below the olecranum, and the distinction between 
the perpendicular trabecule filling it up, and the longitudinal cancelli of 
the once compact tissue of the old bone is very marked. The medullary 
sanal is scarcely, if at all, enlarged, and, indeed, at the point of greatest 
sclerosis above named, the same process seems to have invaded the canal 
itself. 
5. Lower Extremities.—(a) Innominate Bones. The ilium is separated 
from the ischium and pubes, which are firmly and indistinguishably united 
together at their rami, but at the acetabulum are distinct. The Y-shaped 
piece uniting them is preserved, andis loose on both sides. All the other 
epiphyses are missing. The bones are porous throughout but not to a 
marked degree. The thickening varies from } to 3 of an inch, being 
greatest just above the acetabulum. On the ischium and pubes no osteo- 
phytes exist, save one small lamina on the body of the right pubes. The 
ilium is free from them except above the acetabulum for a considerable 
space, on and around the reflected origin of the rectus, where large and 
strong osteophytes exist, with a trend inwards and upwards. 
On section of the ilium, (Fig. 12) the external surfaces, which other- 
wise would be thought to be the porous surface of the original bone, are 
seen to be the outer layer of the new growth. The original compact tis- 
sue has undergone spongiosis to a great extent. Sclerosis is furthest ad- 
vanced just above the acetabulum. 
. : 
(b) Femur (Figs. 6 and 7). All the epiphyses are separated. Both 
heads and great trochanters and the left lower epiphysis are preserved. 
The latter shows some very slight porosity, as already noticed. 
Anteriorly the inter-trochanteric line is marked by a well developed 
growth of short, thick, rather acuminate osteophytes, separated by 
grooves running in the axis of the neck. A similar line of more slender 
imbricated osteophytes runs parallel to the base of the great trochanter 
and trends toward it. These two lines form the letter A. Immediately 
within this letter A (especially on the left side) the trend of all the osteo- 
phytes turns sharply downwards and so continues to the lower j of the 
bone, where they are perpendicular. They are not very marked in their 
development. Just above the end of the shaft, however, they form an 
Overlapping sheath to the bone. In the middle of the right femur an 
aperture (14 X 2 inches) exists in the ensheating new growth, disclosing 
