1870. ] 31 
[ Pepper. 
(e) Fibula (Fig. 18). Its shaft alone is preserved, and its axis iS: 
slightly bent inwards. The whole bone is encased in a newly formed os- 
seous growth which is sometimes simply porous, and is covered with 
sometimes an interrupted, sometimes a continuous, growth of warty 
osteophytes, all more or less porous. Posteriorly and internally this 
growth is most developed, the trend being downwards. The lower sub- 
cutaneous surface is greatly thickened and finely porous, but has no os- 
teophytes. 
On section the bone is doubled in its diameter, the outline of the 
original bone being only visible in about ene-half of its extent, the scle- 
rosis obscuring it at other points. The original compact tissue is rare- 
fied by spongiosis, and the medullary canal is somewhat widened. 
(f) Hand and Foot. They are considered together, as some of the 
bones are indistinguishable, and moreover, in general the same descrip- 
tion applies to both. 
(1.) Right scaphoid of hand. Not diseased. 
(2.) Left calcis. Porous and enlarged throughout. Porous osteophytes 
are seen at the attachments of the tendinous sheaths internally, and one 
large flat one on the inferior surface. The epiphysis for the attachment 
of the tendo achillis is preserved, but shows no disease. 
(3.y Metacarpus, metatarsus and phalanges. Two of the phalanges 
have their epiphyses attached but not united by ossification. The epi- 
physes are not diseased. No other epiphyses are preserved. All these 
bones suffer by far to the greatest extent in the centre, not at all at the 
head (viewed externally), and but little at the base, and the new growth 
is five or six times as thick on the dorsum as on the opposite surface. No: 
osteophytes exist save on one of the metatarsal bones and at the ridges 
for the flexor sheaths of three of the phalanges. 
On section (Fig. 21), compare also Fig. 22, the outlines of the old bones 
are very readily seen, the apex of the conical sclerosis having, at points, 
just touched the surface of the old bone. The original wall of compact 
tissue is wholly rarefied by spongiosis, and the cancelli of the new and old 
bone are readily distinguished by the different directions of their axes. 
The normal compact wall of the phalanges being very thick relatively, 
the changes in it are the more marked. Sclerosis has invaded from 
half to two-thirds of the new growth. The head of the bone is also 
markedly rarefied by spongiosis. 
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION. 
The specimens from which the following description and wood-cuts 
were made, were prepared with his well known skill by Dr. J. H. MeQuil- 
len. They consisted of a transverse section through the thickened wall of 
a phalanx, embracing the thickness of the layers superimposed by the pe- 
riosteum, but not of the entire original compact layer of the bone, and of 
a transverse section through the right canine tooth. 
