Lesley.] 152 [June 16, 
ores. These Canada ores are of the same geological age, and of the same 
mineral character, as the Tuscarora ores under consideration. 
Trial of the ore has been made by Mr. Nathan Rowland, at his works 
in Kensington, Philadelphia. Five tons were forwarded for trial as lining 
to puddling furnaces. Mr. Rowland expressed his opinion that it stood 
up three times as long as the Champlain ore, which he uses for that pur- 
pose. The difference is due to the superior compactness of titaniferous 
magnetite over that of pure crystalline magnetite. 
LT have said above, that the Tuscarora ores are essentially like those of 
Northern New Jersey. I-referred to their age, situation, consistency, 
and general composition. But they have a peculiarity ; they hold a no- 
table per centage of tétanic acid. 'The New Jersey ores seldom possess 
this property, and, in any case, only ina low degree. The Canada ores, 
and the ores of South Sweden, hold large quantities of titanic acid ; even 
as much, sometimes, as between 80 and 40 per cent. A small—a very 
minute—quantity of titanium in pig-iron is believed to add greatly to 
its value, increasing its hardness and firmness, and its ability to stand 
wear. The Canadian ores were introduced to the Pittsburgh iron works 
for this end. But, seeing that almost all the titanic acid in any iron ore 
passes off in the slag, leaving a very small quantity to unite with the pig 
metal (sometimes in scattered crystals), it follows, that ores, which have 
an excessive quantity of titanic acid, cannot afford a high per centage of 
pig metal. It is much better to have an extra 20 per cent. of silex and 
alumina, potash or lime, in the ore, than an extra 20 per cent. of titanic 
“acid ; for these will make the ore easy to smelt, whereas the titanic acid 
makes it difficult to smelt ; requiring a much higher heat in the stack to 
decompose than does oxide of iron. 
There isno question that titanium in iron ore favors the production 
of iron peculiarly suited to conversion into steel. The English steel trade 
has always largely depended on Swedish iron; and I believe that the 
titaniferous ores of the United States (and they are far from abundant, ) 
will become annually more and more valuable, on account of the increas- 
ing demand for the best iron for steel-making purposes. If these ores were 
smelted in large quantities in first-class anthracite furnaces, I do not 
think this particular value would appear; the small Swedish blast fur- 
nace must be used, or the Catalan forge. 
Although the action of titanium upon iron in metallurgy is an obscure 
subject, something is known of it by actual experience. 
J. H. Alexander, of Baltimore, in his report on the Manufacture of 
Iron, gives analyses of certain cinders, among which is one obtained in 
the smelting of a primary iron ore, containing, he says, 11 (eleven) per 
cent. titanic acid: the analysis is as follows:— 
Biioe: eke  ok Ouide of Titantum........ 9.0 
Magnesia i005 0 ena cee 84.2 Protox. manganese....... 4.4 
Letts catend eG dae 14.1 PPROLO Sse ION geass cake 1.0 
A MMOING a Uae can resi 8.9 
The ore, he says, was hard to smelt, and the pig-iron hard to work, but 
when properly made, is peculiarly adapted to the manufacture of steel. 
