1871] 209 [Cope. 
growth force, directed by the will—the will being under the influence of 
various kinds of compulsion in the lower, and intelligent option among 
higher animals. 
Thus, intelligent choice taking advantage of the successive evolution of 
physical conditions, may be regarded as the originator of the fittest, while 
natural selection is the tribunal to which all the results of accelerated 
growth are submitted. This preserves or destroys them, and determines 
the new points of departure on which accelerated growth shall build. 
The influences locating growth force, may be tabulated as follows : 
Division. Influence. 
Physical and? , » 9 
Plants. chemical. § 
Plants with me- } 
chanical move- | 
ments; anim as) > bs + use 
withindeterminate | 
movements. 7 
Animals with de- } 
terminate move- L i ad effort under 
ments or will, but { compulsion. 
no intelligence a 
Animals with ) : 
will and less intel- + e 3 sit b> + choice. 
ligence. | 
TALS, Wu oe oe te vy - intelligent choice. 
more intelligence. § 
As examples of intelligent selection, the modified organisms of the va- 
rieties of bees and ants must be regarded as striking cases. Had all in 
the hive or hill been modified alike, all soldiers, neuters, etc., the origin of 
the structures might have been thought to be compulsory ; but varied 
and adapted as the different forms are to the wants.of a community, the 
influence of intelligence is too obvious to be denied. The structural re- 
sults are obtained in this case by a shorter road than by inheritance. 
The selection of food offers an opportunity for the exercise of intelli- 
gence, and the adoption of means for obtaining it, still greater ones. It 
is here that intelligent selection proves its supremacy as a guide of use, 
and consequeiitly of structure, to all the other agencies here proposed. 
The preference for vegetable or for animal food determined by the choice 
of individual animals among the omnivores, which were, no doubt, ac- 
cording to the paleontological record the predecessors of our herbivores, 
and perhaps of carnivores also, must have determined their course of life 
and thus all their parts, into those totally distinct directions. The choice 
of food under ground, on the ground, or in the trees would necessarily 
direct the uses of organs in the appropriate directions respectively. 
In the selection of means of defence a minor range of choice is pre- 
sented. The choice must be limited to the highest capabilities of the ani- 
mal, since in defence, these will, as a general thing, be put feith. This 
will, however, not be necessarily the case, but will depend in some meas- 
ure on the intelligence. of the animal, as we readily observe in the case 
of domesticated species, 
In the case of the rattlesnake, already cited, the habit of rapid vibra- 
