1872.] 451 [Lesley. 
The weight of the washed ore when dry is one and a half (13) tons to 
the cubic yard. The weight of the lump ore is about 1; tons to the cubic 
yard. One car-load of 44,919 cubic inches measurement, thoroughly dried 
wash ore, weighed 3,042 Ibs. One cubic yard = 46,656 inches. The lump 
ore of one car weighed 2,570 Ibs. 
Very little flux is required by the Furnace, and this is obtained from 
bold outcrops of blue limestone on the State Road two-thirds of a mile 
north of the ferry. There is so much lime in the wash. ore and in the clay 
of the ball ore, and so heavy a charge of manganese in the ore deposit 
that the fluxing of the stock scarcely adds to the expense of its smelting. 
The cinder is excellent and the waste of iron is evidently small. 
Avound the inside lining of the tunnel head for about four feet down 
from the lip of the filling-hole, there forms a coating of concentric layers 
of a very solid and heavy substance, consisting chiefly of metallic zine, in 
alloy with metallic lead and a small quantity of metallic iron.* 
The upper and more solid blue and white limestones of Bompas Cove, 
exposed along the banks of the creek, opposite the old furnace site, con- 
tain a good deal of disseminated galena. This is decomposed into car- 
bonate of lead, filling crevices which have been followed down by shafting 
operations during the late war. The two ores of lead were taken in cars, 
on a tram road a few hundred yards long, down the creek to a lead mill 
erected by General Jackson, and there smelted for the use of the Confed- 
erate army. The works are now abandoned, and the shafts filled with 
trash or water. 
Brown hematite iron ore deposits have also resulted from the decompo- 
sition of the limestone beds over the lead-bearing strata. 
Greasy Cove is a district of limestone similar to, but much more exten- 
sive than Bompas Cove, and carries the same brown hematite iron ore de- 
posits of probably equal size. The hills overlooking the flat land of this 
cove on the northwest and within half a mile of the river, are red with ore. 
* Analyses, by Persifor Frazer, Jr., Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the University of 
Pennsylvania, of— 
I, Furnace product from Embreeville Works, N. C., taken from within four feet of the tun- 
nel head: A hard, brittle, gray solid, with occasional streaks of green, but in powder is grass- 
green. Specific gravity, 5.6. 
Under the magnifying glass it shows minute metallic scales which impart a metallic lustre to 
the streak when the product is seratehed, and yet bear such a small proportion to the whole 
mass that they are almost indistinguishable with the naked eye. 
Silica, = = = : = = - % 0. 28 
Iron (calculated as sesquioxide), - - - - - - 4.12 
Zine (oxide), - - - = = - - - 84, 26 
Lead (metallic), . v 5 4 - - = - 6.18 
Carbon (as finely divided coal dust determined by loss), - - - 5.16 
Il. Lining stone of Embreeville Furnace, N.C. A yellow sandrock used for the lining of 
the Embreeville Furnace, and remarkably lasting, was proved to contain: 
Silica, - - - = a iz - - 76.99 
Alumina and Iron (latter under 2p. ¢. Fe203), - i = 8 16.12 
Magnesia, - - - > ns - - - 2. 63 
Lime, - - - . : 5 - - - 1.44 
Undermined, - - - - - - - “ - 2.88 
Considerably more than 50 per cent, of the Silica given above seems to exist as free Silica, or 
sand, 
