CASTANEA— POPULUS. 369 
appearances solely, I should say that the Beech is less likely to 
be indigenous with us than the Sycamore. 
Castanea vulgaris Lam. and 
Carpinus Betulus L. are both to be met with not unfre- 
quently in hedge-rows and plantations, but have no claim to be 
regarded as indigenous. I have seen the former in Arkengarth- 
dale clearly within the bounds of the middle zone, but even in 
the low country the fruit only just grows so as to be eatable. 
Corylus Avellana L. British type. Native. Area general. 
Range 0-550. The commonest bush of the aboriginal dale 
woods, especially in the calcareous dales of both the eastern and 
western hills. Frequent in the low country, but not socommon 
in the hedge-rows as the hawthorn. It ascends to the upper 
part of Cronkley Scars and the Main Limestone cliffs of 
Punchard’s Gill. 
Alnus glutinosa L. British type. Native. Area general. 
Range 0-350. Common in damp woods and along the banks 
of streams, ascending in Teesdale to Holwick, in Swaledale to 
Shaw Wood near Langthwaite, and in the Yore district to the 
lower part of Fossdale. 
Betula alba L. including B. glutinosa Fries. British type. 
Native. Area general. Range 0-550. Common in woods and 
hedge-rows throughout the Agrarian region, especially amongst 
the arenaceous hills, where the Rowan is its frequent associate. 
The glen of Maize Beck and that of the northern fork of the 
Swale are both called Birkdale. 
Populus alba L. with 
Populus canescens Smith. English type. Tenizen. 
Area general. Range o-200. The two species are both not 
unfrequent in hedge-rows and along stream-sides in the low 
country. Winch regards Populus alba as indigenous in the 
Tyne province, but I have not seen either of them within our 
limits in a clearly indigenous situation. 
Bot. Trans, Y.N.U.., Vol. 3. ¥ 
