Year. 



^ Zoology 



OCT n lf^45 



1869 



1870 



1871 



1872 



1873 



1874 



1875 



1876 



1877 



1878 



1879 



1880 



1881 



1882 



1883 



1884 



1885 



1886 



18fi7 



1888 



1889 



1890 



1891 



1892 



Means 



Pkessure. 



Hig'licat. 



S g = 





Tns. 



Date. 



30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 

 30 



30 



30 



290 

 284 

 152 

 156 

 338 

 476 

 305 

 300 

 358 

 320 

 352 

 332 

 382 

 544 

 500 

 354 



273 

 355 

 412 

 333 

 358 

 37ri 

 394 

 256 



342 



Dec. 6 

 Tfin . 1 9 

 Mar. 28 

 April 

 Feb. 18 

 Mar. 6 

 July 7 

 rT;in. 1 5 

 Oct. 6 

 Mar. 16 

 Dec. 13 

 Jan, 7 

 May 10 

 Jan . 1 8 

 April 9 

 Oct. 5 

 Mar. 14 

 Nov. 24 

 Feb. 8 

 Jan . 1 

 Dec. 5 

 Feb. 23 

 Oct. 31 

 Mar. 30 



Lowest. 



::! o r- -f^ 

 S - ^ a; 



Til p. 

 28-500 

 28-308 

 28-308 

 28-070 

 28-022 

 28-276 

 28-484 

 28 070 

 28-300 

 28-630 

 28-500 

 28-154 

 28-250 

 28-452 

 28-452 

 28-376 

 28-400 

 27-652 

 28-328 

 28-410 

 28-460 

 28-315 

 28-060 

 28 638 



D;ite 



28-309 



Feb . 1 



Jan. 8 



Jan . 1 6 



Jan. 24 



Jan. 20 



Dec. 11 



Nov. 10 



Doc. 4 



Nov. 29 

 April 1 



Feb. 10 



Nov. 16 



Oct. 1 4 



Mar. 1 



Sep. 2 



Jan. 27 



Jan , 1 1 



Dee. 8 



Nov. 3 



Mar. 28 



Mar. 20 



Jan . 23 



Nov. 11 



Feb. 2 



METEOROLOGY OF BRADFORD FOR 1892. 



Sheet 2. 



Yearly Maximum and Minimum: Atmospiiekic Pkessuee, Temteeatube^ Humidity, Bright Sunshine, Wind Pressure, and Rainfall. 



Tkmperatuee. 



In Shade. 



Highest. 



■^ a d -^ 



be S = tc 



Deg. 



85-2 



85-0 



84-0 



86-4 



88-8 



80-9 



80-0 



87-6 



80-0 



89-6 



74-4 



81-3 



'83-3 



77-4 



76-2 



84-4 



82-2 



79-5 



82-8 



80-4 



77-5 



76-4 



79-9 



77 



81-7 



Lowest. 



Date. 



Anf?. 30 

 July 25 

 Aug. 12 

 July 23 

 July 23 

 July 20 

 Aug-. 17 

 July 17 

 June 19 

 July 19 

 July 30 

 Sep. 5 

 July 6 

 Aug. 12 

 July 3 

 Ani?. 12 

 July 27 

 Ju'y 3 

 July 9 

 June 27 

 Auf,^ 1 

 Sept. 10 



I?? 



o " c ^>j 



'-'. " ^1 -l-l 

 iTi >-" QJ ij 



•r, i_H r- P 



Deg. 



Date. 



u 



ept. 



Aug 



12 

 24 



19 



16 



6 



24 



19 

 15 

 13 

 23 

 20 

 13 

 13 

 20 

 12 

 18 

 19 

 26 

 22 



17 

 21 

 19 

 2i 

 18 

 12 

 18 



18 



8 

 6 

 7 

 8 

 2 

 

 

 

 

 9 

 2 

 8 

 

 6 

 8 

 5 

 1 

 4 

 1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 

 8 



Dee. 



Dec. 



Jan . 



Mar. 



Feb. 



Dec. 



Jan , 



Jan. 



Mar. 



Dec. 



Dec. 



Jan . 



Jan . 



Dee. 



Mar. 



Nov. 



Dec. 



Mar. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Miir. 



Dec. 



.Tan. 



Feb. 



28 

 23 



1 



27 

 24 

 31 



1 



9 



1 

 26 



7 

 20 

 26 

 11 

 10 

 30 

 11 



7 

 17 

 14 



4 

 22 

 19 

 19 



Last and First 

 Frost of Seasons. 



Date of 



Last 



Frost. 







Mar. 27 

 Mar. 30 

 April 1 1 

 Mar. 27 

 Mar. 14 

 Mar. 12 

 Mar. 22 

 Api'il 1 5 

 May 4 

 A pril 6 

 iShiY 10 

 Feb. 23 

 April 21 

 A pril 1 6 

 Mar. 29 

 April 24 

 April 5 

 April 30 

 April 17 

 April 8 

 Mar. 22 

 Mar. 10 

 May 18 

 Apiil 19 



Date uf 



I'irst 



Frost. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov . 



Nov. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Oct. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Nov. 



Drc. 



Oct. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Oct. 



20 



9 

 13 

 19 



5 

 11 

 26 



9 

 18 



9 

 14 

 20 

 17 

 12 

 12 

 24 

 16 



2 

 12 



2 

 27 

 28 

 25 

 25 



In Sun's Hays. 

 Highest. 



g o d 6d 



Deg. 



HuMiorrY. 

 (Complete Saturation — 100.) 



Highest. 



^^ 



Date. 



127 



127 



128 



124 



124 



125 



122 



125 



116 



118 



101 



112 



116 



108 



107 



107 



113 



108 



107 



110 



115 



111 



107 



107 



115 



7 

 5 

 7 

 8 

 5 

 8 

 

 6 

 4 

 2 

 2 

 

 5 

 

 6 

 8 

 6 

 8 

 6 

 

 2 

 

 

 5 





0—100 



Date. 



Aug. 30 

 July 25 

 July 17 

 Aug. 19 

 July 23 

 July 20 

 Julv 5 

 JulV 16 

 June 19 

 July 22 

 Aug. 13 

 Aug. 13 

 June 1 

 Aug . 9 

 May 17 

 Aug. 9 

 July 27 

 July 5 

 July 9 

 Sep. 15 

 June 23 

 June 16 

 July 27 



Julv - 23 



98 

 98 

 100 

 100 

 100 

 100 



100 

 99 



100 

 99 

 98 

 99 

 99 

 98 



100 

 99 



100 

 99 

 99 

 99 



100 

 99 



Feb. 8 



Jan. 29 



July 7 



Mar. 22 



Dec. 11 



Feb. 6 



Jan. 23 



Oct. 4 



Oct. 29 



Jan. 13 



Oct. 7 



Dec. 15 



Oct. 1 4 



Nov. 5 



Dec. 26 



Jan. 23 



Jan. 23 



Jan. 12 

 April 21 



Mar. 15 

 April 22 



IMay 11 



Ftb. 20 



Jan. 12 



Lo-^'est. 





0-100 



42 

 28 

 43 

 45 

 41 

 42 

 43 

 46 

 35 

 53 

 51 

 50 

 38 

 36 

 I 30 

 30 

 32 

 32 

 35 

 39 

 39 

 31 

 37 

 32 



Date. 



Sep. 



Mar. 



Nov. 



Sep. 



Mar. 



May 



July 



May 



May 



Aug. 



6 



99 



39 



Dec. 

 May 

 Mav 



May 

 April 

 May 

 June 

 Ma.y 

 July 

 June 11 

 June 26 

 Mav 29 

 Julv 17 

 A pril 3 



24 



8 



2 



23 



26 



18 



6 



5 



23 



9 



12 



30 



31 



18 



9 



22 



4 



4 



9 









L 



Wind T 



'rkssuke. 









E.AIN. 







Bright Sunshine. 





C -^ '^ — ' 



Grtr.fallonsrfce. 



j_ri^ "Trill L Tt""i 









Snow, 



-^ 'i-H -*-J 



c5 n< ^ 



^ p 



1 )ate. 



1 



Total 



of 

 Year. 



hr. min. 



Per cent, of 

 Duration, i 



'—1 



Date. 



Total 



for 



Year 



Ins. 



Tz K ^' fee 



^ ■% ^ ^ 



^ ■ n 1 1 M^ 



Ins, 



at In.K ll\:MuL 

 Stn.tbiiiat65ift, 

 ab'vesurf.atExe> 



Ins, 



Date. 



Last and First 

 Snow of Seasons, 



Date of 



T^ast 



Know, 



Date of 



i-'irst 

 Sno-w. 



Depth 



in 

 Inches. 



Percen- 

 tage of 

 fall at 

 Fxcli'gG 



hr. TTLin- 







lb. per 







Ins, 



Per cent 













1 







sq. ft. 



■ ^ I 4 fr 





: 









> < ' 





4 



April 3 



Oct. 19 











1 P * I 4 





24-120 









0-820 



June 



18 



Mar. 24 



Nov. 15 1 

















21-640 









0-985 



June 16 



Mar. 15 



Nov. 16 













4 M b b ^ 





42-060 









2-490 



June 



19 



May 11 



Nov. 13 













T W P F ^ 





21-440 









1-200 



Aug. 



4 : 



April 25 'Jan. 3, '74 











1 



1 * F 4 4 





23-560 





1 





0-740 



Dee. 



7 



Mav 9 ■ 



Nov. 26 













i 





30-280 









1-700 



Nov. 



15 



Mar. 12 



Nov . 9 

















35-270 



39-788 



4-518 ' 



11-28 



1-810 



Oct. 



9 



April 1 2 



Nov. 8 













■ k ■ ■ < 





40-650 45-499 



4-849 



11-19 



1-420 



July 



16 



May 19 



Oct. 15 













b h ' - ^ 





35-434 39010 



3-576 



11-01 



1-220 



Aug. 



14 



Apnl 1 



Nov. 8 



1 











* V P P fr 





28-017 30-298 



2-281 



10-82 



1-020 



June 



8 



May 7 



Nov. 20 

















35-690 39-616 



3-926 



11-10 



1-710 



Oct. 



27 



Mar. 2 



Oct. 27 



■ ■III! 











t ' P ■ V 





35-434 i 39-892 



4-458 



11-26 



1-435 



Oct. 



13 



April 20 



■ — ^m- — ^ 



Oct. 29 













V I ■ ■ I 





39-683 , 43-103 



3-420 ; 10-86 



1-608 



Dec. 



6 



Mar. 21 



Nov. 19 











b ■ J ri 4 fr 



4 p p q F 





34-396 









1-338 



Sep. 



26 



i\lar. 24 



Nov. 10 



1 









24-00 



Jan . 



24 



27-657 



1 







1-170 



Jan. 



23 



Feb. 28 



Nov. 23 











1525 



iJec. 



4 



25-699 









1-208 



Sep, 



3 



May 7 



Dec. 9 



11 45 



July" 6 



851 48 



19 



1800 



Dec. 



9 



35-993 







2-130 



Julv 



26 



May 12 



Nov. 6 



12 40 



July 3 



1120 58 



25 



15-00 



Feb. 



4 



18665 







810 



Oct. 



9 



May 21 



r ^ ^_ 



Oct. 14 



13 40 



May 24 



884 20 



20 



13-00 



May 



4 



25-646 







1-050 



Nov. 





April 8 



Oct. 1 



12 15 



Julv 8 



827 45 



18 



12-00 



Fi-b . 



9 



2214 







0-590 : Mar. 



9 



Mar. 21 



Nov. 25 



14 25 



Ma.y 25 



824 5 



18.1 



14-01 



Jan. 



19 



25-730 









1 485 



Jan. 



22 



Al>ril 13 



(.)ct. 21 



11 45 



M^y 12 



805 35 



18 



13-50 



Aug. 



26 



27-303 







> t 1 1 I ■ 



1-020 



1 )ec. 



10 



May 17 



m ^m — 



Nov. QS 



12 30 



June 7 



866 53 

 883 3 



19 

 20 



10-00 



April 



.28 



28-881 

 29-799 





5-860 





2-720 



Oct. 



15 



Apnl 28 



Oct. 24 



12 43 



( 



14-97 







39-60] 



11-08 



1-377 











EXPLANATION. 



The ob^ervationa arc made at nine a.m.j and, with tlie exception of maximum and 

 minimum thermometer readings, again at three p. m. 



The highest andlowesthnrometrioroadings for each month, alsothemonthlyrange, 

 are given as recorded ; while the mean pressure is deduced from bi-daily observations 

 coriectcd for index error, capillarity, temperature, and diui^nal range. To correct for 

 altitude or reduce to sea level (the air temperature being 48 degrees and barometer 

 30 inches at sea level), add "401 inch to the heights giveii. 



A rcmarlvable instance of barometric deprcssicm occurred on the Sih l")ecember, 

 1886, when at 8.40 p.m. the mercury of the Exchau|ie barometer had fallen to 27456 

 mches only— the lowest reading on i-ccord here, The cyclone indicated by this depres- 

 sion was the cause of great loss of life and r^^^^P^^ty, extending over an unusually 

 large district. 



All thermomelric observations and deductions are given in degrees Falnx?uheit. 



The adopted me:m temperature of air is deduced from the dry bulb and the 

 maximum and minimum readings ; the temperature of evaporation from the dry and 

 wet bulb and tlie maximum and minimum readings. The dew point, elastic force 

 of vapour, humidity, &c,, are deduced from bi-daily readings of the dry and wet 

 bulb hygrometer, by Glaisher's Hygrometrical Tables, sixth edition. 



liright sunshine is recorded in liours and minutes by glass sphere on cards, known 

 as Campbell's recorder, tixed on Trofessor Stokes' zodiacal frame, 



Tlie solar thermomclcr has a black bulb enclosed in a vacuum- 



The diix'ction, velocity, and pressure of wind are recorded as indicated by 

 anemometers fixed 10,^ feet above the ridge of roof of Exchange. The velocity p^^r 

 hour at 9 a. m, is determined from anemometer readings made one minute and a half 

 before and a like period after lliat hour, by multiplying the dia'erence thereof by 

 20. The pressure is given in pounds av«.>iidupois per square foot. 



The amount of cloud is estimated by a scale ranging from Oto 10. 



Rainfall includes melted snow and hail. 



The rain gauge is fixed upon the top of central roof of the Exchange, at an 

 elevation of 65^- feet above the smiace of the ground and 395 feet above mean sea 

 level. As rain gauges on the summit of buildings are generally /ound to collect less 

 rain than when placed upon the surface of open ground adjacent thereto, steps were 

 taken in 1875 to determine to what extent this was the case with the Exchange 

 rain gauge, '\^hen two additional gauges were provided and fixed upon the surface 

 of adjacent open spaces, one near to the Town Hall, the other near to the IVIidland 

 Railway Station, between whicJi the Exchange gauge is situate about midway, and 

 the surface of ground about the same height. At both of these gauges, as well 

 as at the Exchange gauge, daily observations were made from the commencement 



of 1876 to the end of 1882, a period of seven years, when the surface gauges were 

 removed in consequence of the ground Ihey occupied being no longer available for 

 the purpose. The particulars of these gaugings are set forth in tables. The results 

 show that the mean yearly rainfall on the surface of ground f(?r the seven years 

 ending with 1882 is 3 "86 inches, or 11 '08 per cent., greater than at the summit of the 

 Exchange. The mean y<.arly rainfall recorded at the Exchange for the twenty-three 

 years ending with 1892 is 29799 inches. By adding 1V08 percent, thereto the mean 

 normal rainfall of central Bradford for such ]K^riod is found to be33"101 inches per 

 annum. Th-.^re nre good grourids for concluding that the smaller amount of rain- 

 fall collected on the Exchange— and on buildings generally—than on the surface of 

 ground is due to the varying direction and force of wind there producing different 

 currents and eddies, which prevent due precipitation t)n the top or ridge of roof where 

 the gauge is fixed. 'J he rainfall of 1 869 was collected by a gauge placed on the ridge 

 of outer roof of Exchange, near to the north-west corner thereof , This position not 

 being deemed quite satisfactory, the gauge was removed at the end of that year to 

 the ridge of central roof— the place it has since occupied. To avoid risk of inaccu- 

 rate results, the rainfall of 1869 is omitted from these returns. 



The instruments M'ith which the observations are made have been verified by 

 comparison with the standards at Kew Observatory. 



