CiRC, 108. 



Sedbergh. There is a cydostyled ' List of Moths and BuUerflies of Sedbeigh/ by 

 Mr. G. Watkinson, Sedbergh School, 1S91. 



ROUTES.— 



P 



All parties will leave Sedbergh Railway Station at 11-3 a.m. as follows : — 

 I. — Lime Valley. -As far as possible following the course of the Rivers Lune 

 and Rawlhey ; six miles. Leader, Mr. John Handley. 

 IL^Garsdale, via Strait Bridge, Dovecote Gill, Danny Bridge; seven miles. 



Leader, Rev. W. Thompson, M.A. 

 III.—GEor.OGiCAT.. — Drive to Rawthey Bridge for exploroLion of Uldale and the 

 Pennine Fault ; six miles walking. Fare (wo shillings. Those who wish to 

 secure seats should apply not later than Saturday 10 Mr. Flugh Richardson, 

 M.A., Sedi)ergh School. 

 Mr. Richardson would also be glad to hear beforehand from any gentlemen 

 who would like to arrange for a good walk on the Saturday afternoon. 



THE DISTRICT.— The Rev. J. H. Mackic, M.A., writes : -Sedbergh 

 lies at the junction of three small valleys, where they open out into the picturesque 

 valley of the Lune : these are (i) the valley of the Dee, which runs ca^ward past 

 Dent, a place for ever associated with the name of IVofessor Sedgwick ; (2) the 

 valley of the Clough, or Garsdale ; (3) the valley of the Rawthey, which leads 

 north-eastward to Kirkby Stephen. Between these valleys lie lofty fells, those 

 towards the east being outliers of the Pennine Chain, whilst those to the north o\ 

 Sedbergh, which lie between the Ra\vthey and the Lune, form a detached mass of 

 still older rocks, and are the highest ground in Yorkshire. From their summits, 

 1,500 to 2,220 feet high, may be obtained clear views of Morecanrbe Bay and the 

 Lake Hills: their steep and picturesque ghylls, willi lawny stream anci foaming 

 waterfall, afford some of the most interesting Geology in England, according to the 

 recent surveyors ; whilst by the sides of beck and stream grow many a rare flower 

 and fern. Hartley Coleridge, for some time a master of Sedbergh School, is said lo 

 have preferred this district, for many reasons, to the Lake district itself. Here, 

 without doubt, the naturalist, exhilarated by the bracing air, may obtain an almost 

 ideal day's outing, and whether bent on Geology, Botany, or Zoology, has no small 

 chance of a new * find,' for the district has by no means been exhausted in any 

 branch of Natural History. 



GEOLOGY.--This Section will be officially represented by Mr. R. H. Tidde- 

 man, M.A., f\G.S., and Mr. J. H. Ilowarth, F.G.S. 



Mr. Aubrey Strahan, M.A., F.G.S. , of H.M. Geological Survey, writes as 

 follows: — The following notes on the excursion to Rawthey Bridge and Taith's (oil 

 are in great })art condensed from the Geological Survey Memoir on the country around 

 Mallerstang, etc., in which the whole district is described in great detail. Figures 

 7, S, and 10, give sections across the ground to be traversed. Owing to faulting 

 and inversion, the true sequence of the rocks is not always obvious. They are 

 therefore enumerated below in their proper order : — 



Millstone Grit 



( 



Carbonir<jroiKS 



r 



Carboniferous Limestone 



Series, 



contammg 



V 



Crow Limest-Oiie 



Little lyimestone 



Main Liniesione 



Underset Limestone 



Three Yards Limestone 



Five Yarils (or Horseshoe) Lijiicstone 



Middle Limestone 



Sinionstone ] limestone 



Hardraw Scar Limestone 



Great Scar Tjmestone 

 T^owcr Limestone Sliales 



Carboniferous iSasement Reds— coarse red conglomerate and sand-slone 



Great Unconformity— 



Coniston (Irits 

 Coniston Flags 



SLockdale Shales \ Pale Slates m- Rrownglll Be^^^ 



( Graptoluic Muclstoncs or Skelgill Beds 

 Coniston Liuiestone Series 



Intkusu"!'". Igneous Rucks — 



Diabase (Blue Caster) ' ... 



Mica-trap Dykes (in all the Silurian Rocks) 



Felslte as Sill-S and Dykes (iii all the Silurian Rocks). 



Sedbergh stands on glacial deposits, heaped together in characteristic mounds. 

 Some of the gills leading down from the liowgill Felis afford line sections of tile 

 with scratched stones. The underlying ro^k can be seen from the road in the Ijcd 

 of the Rawthey at Straight Bridge, and again in Ilebblethwaite Gill, to be the very 

 coarse red conglomerate, which constitutes the base of the carboniferous system. 



Upper 

 Silurian 



J 



^ 



! 



,\'. 



\k 



1 



», 



i 







