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In the river, 300 yaids north of the second mile post, it rests iinconformably on 

 ConisLon Grits. The Ilowgill Fells, on the west side of the Rawthey, consist of 

 Coniston Grits over-lyintr Coniston Flags, while the rising ground to the east of the 

 road is formed by the Pale Slates with the Coniston Limestone rising from beneath 

 Uiem in an anticline. Both are penetrated by intrusive sills of felsite as well as the 

 usual mica-trap dykes. At the Cross Keys Inn the road passes on to the^Coniston 

 Flags of which there are many exposures; up the slopes to the east two sills of fel- 

 site are intruded in the flags, whicli a large boss of diabase rises through the Pale 

 Slates of Blue Caster. The river Kawthey enters twice through the Graptobtic 

 Aludstones near Rawthey Bridge. East of the bridge they are faulted against 

 Coniston Flags ; west of the bridge a portion of the Pale Slates intervenes. In the 

 last-named locality graptolites may be collected. Five hundred yards east of Raw- 

 they Ih-idge a dyke of mica-trap, 6-ft. wide, crosses the river, and re-appears 2CX5 

 yards further on. The Dent (or so-called Pennine) Fault crosses the river at Hall 

 Inlack. It consists here of two parallel fractures about loo-yds. apart.. ■ Between 

 the two the base of the Carboniferous Limestone can be traced in the South Bank 

 over some exposures of Pale Slates, but east of them the base is thrown below the 

 level of the river, which runs for 80 or 90 yards between cliffs of massive limestone. 

 This is succeeded by shales, sandstones, and thin limest<-)nes, having at their top the 

 Hardraw Scar or lowest of the Yoredale Limestones. AH these strata are inverted 

 so as to dip apparently at angles of 70 deg. to So deg. westward (the actual dip 

 being no deg. to 100 deg.) eastward ; but a few yards further on the ^Simonstone 

 Limestone can be identillcd with a gentle westward dip, and beyond it the Ilard- 

 raw Scar Limestone rising from beneath the Simonstone in its normal position. 

 The strata therefore lie in a synclinal form, the western edge of the synclme being 

 turned over from 10 deg. to 20 deg. beyond verticality along the line of the fault. 

 The Hardraw Scar Limestone occupies the bed and banks of the river to and be- 

 yond Uldale Bridge, which however the dip changes to a little east_of south, so that 

 here is presented an anticline. This arrangement of the strata, in a more or less 

 pronounced form, can be recognised in many of the gills further south. In its upper 

 reaches, the Rawthey crosses in ascending succession the Simonstone, Middle, 

 Horseshoe (or Five Yards), Underset, and Alain Limestones, a seam of coal occur- 

 ting between the two last named. In the north-eastern slope of West Baugh Fell, 

 the highest limestones of the district can be identified, namely the Little and Crow- 

 Limestones, before reaching the plateau of AFillstone Grit.. 



Taith's Gill in its uppermost part shows the Crow, Little and Main Limestone, 

 but the Underset is not recognizable. The Crow Limestone also is represented 

 only by two inches of black chert. Two hundred and fifty yards above the Dent 

 Fault the strata are l)ent up in a sharp anticline, which is succeeded westwards by 

 a still sharper syncline with the beds in its western margin^inverted ; ^these folds 

 corresponding to the anticline and syncline noted in the Rawthey. The Three 

 Yards, Horseshoe, Simonstone, and Hardraw Scar Limestone, can be identified in 

 l^oper order, but the last-named is thrown immediately against the Great Scar 

 Limestone by the eastern branch of the Dent Fault. This rock is again faulted by 

 the western Dent Fault against Pale Slates, and by still another fault these Pale 

 Slates are faulted against Coniston Limestones with two small felsite dykes. Here, 

 therefore, the Dent PVuU consists of three distinct lines of fracture. Lower down 

 Ihe stream at Taith's there are good exposures of a sill of felsite intruded along the 

 bedding-planes of the Coniston Limestone. North of Taith\s the stream runs 

 north-westwards in Coniston Limestone and exposes dykes of mica-trap and a small 

 boes of felsite. 



BOTANY.— The Botanical Section will be officially represented by Mr. P. F. 



and Mr. Chas. Crossland. 



Mr. Hugh Richardson, M.A., and Air. John Handley write as follows:--- 

 The more striking of the spring flowers are Bird Cherry along the lanes, 

 Globe-flower by \iie streams, and Mealy Primrose in uplanci meadows. 

 Shade after shade of colour sweeps over the hayfields as yellow Buttercup is 

 succeeded by purple Geranium {G. sylvaikuni) and white Dog-daisy. Bogl^ean, 

 Butterwort, Sundew {D. rotundifoUa), Grass of Parnassus and Cranberry grow on 

 the lower moors. Alfhemiila alpina and Rtibiis cham,rmoriis are on the 

 higher fells. By the mountain streams grow several Saxifrages--^", stellaris^ 

 hypnohles, aizoides ; but C oppcsitrfoliiwi which grows on Penyghent has not 

 been recorded. Ccion rivah grows by the streams, in some places Miiiiulus hileits. 

 Herb Paris and Campanicla latijolia are in the woods. One of our rarest flowers 

 is Spignel {Mcuni athaniaiiiiaim) in the Howgill Pastures, ^near Beckhouses. 



row in the 



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orchids Hab. bijolia and cJiloi 



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