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CiRC. No. 123 



GEOLOGY. —The (leolo^ncal section wii! I>e officially represented by Mr. 

 J. H. Tlovvarth, F.G.S., who will represent the Secretaries, unable to be present. 



Mr. R. 11. Tiddeman, M.A., F.G.S., writes that I^owland is a district which 

 has been of late years, probably in conse<piencc of its distance from railways, very 

 httle visited by ^reologists, but here John Phillips and Gilbcrtson got many of their 

 best specimens. 'J'he rocks are all Carboniferous, and in descending order consist 

 of Millstone Grits, Bowland Shales, Pendlesidc Grit (inconstant), Pendleside T.inie- 

 stone, Shales-with-Limestunes, and Carboniferous Limestone (main mass). The 

 gveater part of the limestones about Whitewell, Knowlemere, and Dunnow, prob- 

 ably belongs to the Pendleside Limestone hori/.on, and the display of Reefd^nowls 

 IS exceedingly good and characteristic. These in lower ]~)arts of the valleys, with 

 the steep shapes of Bowland Shales above, surmounted by the escarpments of Mill- 

 stone Grit ('Pendle Grit'), give great charm to Bowland scenery. The drive from 

 '^Htheroe to Whitewell is for the most part tame, though giving good views of 

 i endle and its range in the distance, and contrasts strongly with the vigorous 

 features of the Loiest of Bowland. Starting from one great anticline at Clitheroe, 

 another will be met with at Whitewell, and a third at or near the Trough of Bow- 

 land. The second anticline is broken by faults between Browsholme and Knowle- 

 mere, which bring the Millstone Grit down to the 1 bidder near Knowlmere. The 

 ■^'lews of the Ingleborough chain from Bowland Knotts (Millstone Cirit) are ex- 

 ceedingly fine on a clear day, and some interesting' instances of ice-drift may be 

 i^een there. 



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BOTANY. — The !lotanic;il section will be officially represented by its J'resi- 

 dent, Mr. M. B. vSlater. l'\L.S., and its Secretaries, Messrs. [ohn Farrah, J. J. 

 Marshall, and Charles CrossIamL 



^Iv. J. F. Pickard writes that the district is remarkal)ly good for wild flowers, 



and he has found a great number of plants within the last few years which were 



j^ot noticed before. Dunnow Clilf and Wood, between Slaidburn and Newton, 



l^iave a largo variety of limestone plants, such as HciiaiUlieinuui vaigarc, PoUiHilla 



'i-'enia^ Viola hirsiita. RJianuiit^ ialharticiis, Etionyiiin,^ Scalnosa iohiniharia^ 



^gninojiia eiipatoria, Cknliana nii/nf/inaiis. Pan's, Convallarla, Cysiopferis, 



-^(■olopcndriitni^ etc. Tn marshy places near the river he has found IlypcriiKJit 



'/'ftidnuiq'idiifu. Myosotis repens, Pofenlilla palustris, Spar<^aniiini simplex, and 



along the river banks Myosotis sylvatica, his pse.udaconis, 'fyolliiis, Saxifraga 



g['a}!ii/at(i, and Thalich-itNi /larniii. Most of tlie moist meadows and pastures 



yield Pruuitla Jarii/osa, Valeriana dio/<-a, Pi/z^i/iciila, 'J^riglociiiu^ Ilabcnaria 



<-onopsca, Sagi/ia, PcdicuhD-is .y'/7V7//fV?', and Eqitiscfimi syh'<iti('u!ii. On the moors 



^^' in mountain glens and woods may be found Pz-iiifah's, Andromeda, 



*^^i-''-'i}uii)ii oxycoccus^^\\<\ V. vitis idtea, E^npetnt})! nigriini, V/ohi palustris, Hyperi- 



^lou^ (dod^s, Liniosella aqiialiea^ Pedicularis palitstris^ Saiiiiula eioopica, Ribes 



'-'^i-piiiKin, ISleiiyanlhes htfoliala, Saxifraga oeitin, Veroiiiea seidellata, Polypodiuin 



piiegopteris, P. dryopicris, Allosorus crispi/s, and Lycopodiiiin sJago. In tlie lanes, 



^^' ) near Newton, Tanacetit})!, Veronica inonfaiia, Pniniis padns, Sedimi acre^ 



Y'O'^osplenimn aiternifoliitni, Ga'aniiiin prafense, Vihitnui^ii opidas, Cardiius 



^(•^ropiiylliis, Triloliitfii /ncdinni, Aspleniiim ) lUa-niiiraria, and A. irichoinajies, 



■yy the road to Lancaster, near the Trough of Bowland, are Cainpanttla hcderacea, 

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oscra rotnndifo/ia, Ilypciiitiiii Juunifusnin and NarlJiCiitii/i ossifraguni. 



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B'-oss2i!u is abundant and BotrycJiiiuii occasional in the meadows. Furze and brooni 

 A\u !'^^'^'^^^"'^'"""i; at any rate near Newton. The moors between the Trough and 



^httendale and Newton and Waddington b'ells are rich in moor and bog ].)lants. 

 ^i^noida regaiis has been reported as growing in the district, but Mr. Pickard 



las not seen it. Mr. Marshall Deniain has also supplied notes on botany. 



Mosses and Hepatics. — Mr. J. F. Pickard says the district is \\ell worth 

 ^'>^ploring, but that very little is known in this branch. 





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^ ^ VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY.— The Vertebrate section will be represented 

 'y one of its Secretaries. Mr. Thomas Bunker. 



Mammals.— Mr. T. F. Pickard writes that the Otter is occasionally seen by 

 1^ Ifoddcr, but Foxes are rarely seeii. 



