TRANSACTIONS OF WAGNER 
74 VEGETATION OF SOUTH FLORIDA 
the mail boat, were the live-oak, Quercus virginiana Mill., with large trunk and 
spreading branches, catsclaw, Pithecolobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. (in flower 
and fruit), Icthyomethia piscipula (L.) A. S. Hitchcock, an irregularly branched 
tree in flower and fruit with developing young leaves, Xanthoxylum fagara (L.) 
Sarg. (in fruit), and Randia aculeata L. A single vine was noted, Smilax 
Beyrichii Kunth. More attention will be given to the phenomenon of tropic 
vegetation, where there is apparently no cessation in flower and fruit pro- 
duction. Flowers are found on many of these trees and shrubs at the same 
time that the mature fruits are ready for dehiscence, or ready to fall, from the 
trees and shrubs. For such a phenomenon, I would suggest the name anthero- 
car pic, from the Greek ávónpós=flowering, and kaprös=fruit, rather than 
anthocarpic-anthocarpous, because the latter term is applied to fruits with 
accessory parts, sometimes termed pseudocarps, as the strawberry or pine- 
apple. The use of the term antherocarpic, therefore, for the condition of a 
plant, which is flowering and fruiting at the same time, can have no ambi- 
guity, especially if we attach the prefix syn (oy with) and make it synan- 
therocarpic. 
MANGROVE VEGETATION 
The ecology of mangrove vegetation is fairly well understood by phyto- 
geographers and botanists. We owe much to A. F. W. Schimper, who pub- 
lished in 1891 in his “Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen,” a separate 
brochure entitled “Die indo-malayische Strandflora." Again in his “Pflanzen- 
geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage,” we have a detailed presentation 
of this highly important subject with a bibliography (pages 423-430). Later 
under the caption Littoral Swamp Forest—Mangrove, Warming in his “Oecol- 
ogy of Plants” (1909) gives a useful summary of the species of mangrove 
plants throughout the world and a statement as to the adaptation of the plants 
to their environment with a consideration of histologic structure. One of the 
latest general descriptions of mangrove plants is found in Holtermann's “In 
der Tropenwelt” (1912, chapter I). Phillips, Pollard and Vaughan have de- 
scribed the conditions of mangrove growth in Florida.* It is not with a 
hope of adding very much concerning the general character of mangrove plants 
* Phillips, O. P.: How the Mangrove Trees add New Land to Florida. Journ. Geogr., 11: 1-14; 
Vaughan, T. W.: The Geologic Work of the Mangroves in Southern Florida, Smithsonian Mis- 
cellaneous Collections, III: 461-464. 
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