ЕКЕ ШМИТ OF SCIENGE 
12 
VEGETATION OF SOUTH FLORIDA 5 
— Cenchrus carolinianus L. 
o Galactia spiciformis T. € С. 
* Chamaesyce Blodgetii (Engelm.) Small. 
o Mimusops Sieberi A. DC. 
= Solanum Blodgetii Chapm. 
Ximenia americana L. 
+ Ageratum littorale A. Gray. 
LOW HAMMOCK FORMATIONS 
The low hammocks are characterized by a wetter soil than the high ham- 
mocks and are found along streams, lakes, in the Everglades, along wet prairies, 
cypress swamps, tree and bush swamps and marshes. Three main kinds were 
studied by the writer, namely, river hammocks, pond hammocks and Everglade 
hammocks. 
| River Hammock Formation.—Although this formation is considered in the 
| collective sense as including all hammock vegetation along river or stream 
| banks, yet, strictly speaking, we can distinguish several kinds of river ham- 
mocks, such as live-oak hammocks, palmetto hammocks, or mixed tree ham- 
mocks. In South Florida, its river hammocks form an important part of the 
vegetation. They exist either as narrow strips paralleling the banks of 
the rivers, or they occupy ox-bow-like bends of the river bank, or form large 
areas many acres in extent. They were seen and in some places studied along 
the Miami, Little, New, and Caloosahatchee rivers (Plate VI, Figs. 1 and 2). 
Along the Miami River, true hammock vegetation appears above the fork 
of the stream, especially in undisturbed condition on the South Fork. Here one 
notes as the constituent trees and shrubs, Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G. F. W. 
Mey., Erythrina arborea (Chapm.) Small, Citrus limetta Risso, gumbo-limbo, 
Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose, Ilex cassine L., Persea (Tamala) pubescens 
| (Pursh) Sarg., Icacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw., Psychotria undata Jacq. 
In one place at a bend of the stream, a hammock grove of live-oak trees was 
noted. These oaks were 15 meters (so feet) tall with numerous twisted 
branches and gray bark. The branches were loaded with epiphytes. One 
species of Tillandsia, probably T. utriculata L., was a huge plant with its flat, 
dilated leaf bases overlapping to form a deep, basin-like hollow filled with 
water out of which the branched inflorescence arose. The Florida-moss, 
Tillandsia (Dendropogon) usneoides (L.) Raf., festooned the oak trees with long, 
