FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ss 
VEGETATION OF SOUTH FLORIDA 
depended upon the depth of the water and on other factors. Sometimes 
these associations fronted a cypress bay (Plate VIII, Fig. 1) with waxberry, 
Cerothamnus (Myrica) ceriferus (L.) Small, with the cypress trees draped with 
Spanish-moss. The cat-tail, Typha, was in evidence in pure association. 
The plants collected by me on August то, 1911, most of them in full flower, in 
the 6-mile tramp across these marshes, were Cyperus speciosus Vahl., Di- 
chromena colorata (L.) A. Hitchc., Eriocaulon decangulare L., Gyrotheca 
tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb., Polygala cruciata L., P. lutea L., P. ramosa Ell., 
Hibiscus furcellatus Lam., Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) A. Gray, Ascyrum 
tetrapetalum (Lam.) Vail, Hypericum aspalathoides Willd., Triadenum 
virginianum (L.) Raf., Ludwigia alata Ell., a tall umbellifer, Oxypolis filiformis 
(Walt.) Britton, Sabbatia grandiflora (A. Gray) Small, Nama corymbosum 
(EIL) Kuntze, Hyptis radiata Willd., Eupatorium recurvans Small, Pluchea 
foetida (L.) B. S. P., P. imbricata (Kearney) Nash. The showy plants were 
those of the genera Hibiscus, Kosteletzkya, Sabbatia and Nama. A species of 
bladderwort, Utricularia, was common, and a fern, Blechnum serrulatum Rich., 
grew at the edges of the cypress heads. The herbs enumerated above were 
not gathered in one association, but were scattered here and there through the 
saw-grass, the leaves of which were blackened in spots by an epiphytic, parasitic 
fungus, Meliola sp. The climbing hempweed, perhaps Mikania batatifolia 
DC., was found growing over the saw-grass clumps. After this glade is crossed, 
a pure forest of the slash-pine, Pinus caribaea Morelet, stretches for a distance 
of 6 to 9 kilometers (4 to 6 miles) to the eastern edge of the Everglades 
proper. 
In the Everglades west of the headwaters of the Miami River exist clumps 
of low shrubs, such as the buttonbush, Cephalanthus occidentalis L., and 
Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers., with which enters into association the royal- 
fern, Osmunda regalis L. The plants of the Everglades associated with the 
saw-grass, which grows here 2 meters (6 feet) tall, are more or less scattered, 
and one in walking through the saw-grass finds here one, then another. A 
conspicuous plant growing as tall as the saw-grass, is Eupatorium capillifo- 
lium (Lam.) Small, while Mikania batatifolia DC., as a vine, ascends any avail- 
able plant. Outside of these few, we find the following species as elements 
of the Everglade vegetation: 
