КЕКЕ INSILLLUTE OR SCIENCE 
VEGETATION OF SOUTH FLORIDA 175 
dium Association), as does the cat-tail, Typha angustifolia L., which alternates 
as a pure association with areas of mangroves. The pickerel-weed, Pontederia 
cordata L., is also found in pure groups (Pontederia Association in Plate VI, 
Fig. 1), and so is the spatterdock, Nymphaea (Nuphar) advena macrophylla 
(Small) Miller & Standley (Nymphaea Association). The reed-grass, Phrag- 
mites, is found in exclusive growth and is conspicuous in some places. One of 
the most striking associations was that formed of a large, floating bladderwort, 
Utricularia oligosperma St. Hil., found at the junction of the North and South 
forks of the Miami River. The submerged associations of aquatic plants, 
which clog the ordinary propellers of power boats, are characterized by the 
pure growth and the prevalence of Vallisneria americana Michx., Naias flexilis 
(Willd.) Rostk., and brittlewort, Chara sp. Again the associations may be 
formed by an admixture of these prominent marsh species. Sometimes one, 
two, or even three or four, are found associated (Plate VI, Fig. 1); so that 
we have many combinations of these plants along the Miami River banks. 
Several species are rarely found in pure association, but they enter as elements 
of the other associations—such plants as the fern, Acrostichum aureum L., 
sedge, Dichromena colorata (L.) A. S. Hitchc., spider-lily, Crinum americanum 
L., Nymphoides (Limnanthemum) aquaticum (Nutt.) Kuntze, and Nama 
corymbosum (Ell.) Kuntze, the last in the wet sand at the stream’s edge. 
The woody plants at the inner edge of the marsh have been described among 
river hammock plants (Plate VI, Fig. 1). 
The marsh plants of Hancock Creek, a tributary of the Caloosahatchee 
River, opposite Ft. Myers, are: 
Sacciolepsis striata (Lam.) Nash. 
Scirpus validus Vahl. 
Piaropus (Pontederia) crassipes (Mart.) Britt. 
Crinum americanum L. 
Ceratophyllum demersum L. 
Kosteletzkya althacifolia (Chapm.) A. Gray. 
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. 
Several other large marshes, not so large as the Everglades, but of sufficient 
size to merit recognition on the map drawn to a scale of 44:5 55$, are Halpatiokee 
Marsh, north of Jupiter River, the Loxahatchee Marsh, which is continuous 
with the Everglades and drains into Jupiter River, the Tlalhlopopkahatchee 
Marsh at the head-waters of Fisheating Creek and the Okaloacoochee Marsh, 
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