PETERSON : NEW CARNIVORES FROM MIOCENE OF WESTERN NEBRASKA 229 
that of the first, while back of this vertebra the increase in length is more noticeable. 
The transverse processes are single up to the sixth, and the seventh caudal still 
bears the pre- and postzygapophyses with perfect articular facets in front and behind, 
while on the eighth and ninth the postzygapophyses are more or less imperfect, but 
the neural canal is complete and extends throughout nearly the entire length of the 
vertebrae. The last mentioned vertebra is the longest in the series which was at- 
tached to the sacrum when the specimen was found, but there is reason for believ- 
ing that the vertebra continued to increase in length up to the eleventh or twelfth 
caudal. here are seven chevron bones present which were found more or less in 
position in the series of caudals here desvribed. 
At the anterior portion of the tenth caudal the skeleton was exposed and a 
section of the tail dropped out. As mentioned in the introduction, the natural 
curve in which the tail undoubtedly was lying would allow room for six or possibly 
seven vertebree. Working on this hypothesis the next vertebra which was found in 
position in the skeleton would be the seventeenth or eighteenth. This vertebra has 
the pre- and postzygapophysial prominences, anterior transverse processes, and 
ventral tubercles for chevrons well represented, and the centrum is of considerable 
length and robustness. The ten succeeding yertebrie gradually decrease in length 
and robustness, the last being only seven millimeters long. 
In the type of Cynodesmus brachypus the anterior four caudal vertebree are pres- 
ent together with various others which represent different parts of the tail. The 
transverse process on the first is very long and robust, while on the second it ig much 
shorter and indicates a greater decrease backward than is seen in [ Japhanodon. The 
centra are less depressed than in the latter genus and approach more closely those 
in the dogs. It is quite likely that the tail in CO. brachypus when completely known 
will be found to be proportionally shorter than in Daphenodon superbus. 
MEASUREMENTS OF CAUDAL VERTEBR&. 
Gal COREG) 8 Orr. O98 
Mm. Mm. Mm, Mm. Mm. 
Antero-posterior diameter of centra ............0ssssccsssscoecesesecssnscccece taceee 23 24 46 35 7. 
Transverse diameter of centra posteriorly...........s:sscccccessoeesenereereeeeee 22 20 16 8 2 
Vertical diameter of centra posteriorly.. Salis) 14 14 gy) 2 
~w 4 
Transvere diameter at transverse processes.. 
67 26 il 
Riss anp SrerNum. 
There are very few ribs represented with the type specimen, while in No. 1589a 
(the young individual found with the type) they are quite complete. ‘The series as 
a whole is rather short and stout with much expanded ventral ends. In the ante- 
