14 
Subdivisions.—The main tribes are again subdivided into 
groups, that name themselves after a prominent natural feature 
that happens to exist within their hunting grounds, such as a 
waterhole.* For instance, members of the Karkurrerra Tribe 
were met with in the south of the Musgrave Ranges who call 
themselves the Odidjuloo, which is at the same time the native 
name of a large waterhole in the vicinity, though they still 
recognise that they belong to the Karkurrerra Tribe as a whole. 
Hunting and Native Foods.j—As is well known, hunting is the 
principal occupation of the Australian native’s life. The larger 
game is supplied by kangaroo ( Macropus rufus), *marloo,” euro 
(Macropus robustus), “kanalla,” wallaby (Petrogale lateralis), 
“waru,” and emu ( Dromaeus movae-hollandiae), “kaleya.” These, 
besides being approached by stealth and speared, are hunted in 
various otber ways. A common method is to spear the game as it 
comes in to drink at a waterhole. At Ulurinna, a native water 
in the Ayers Ranges, which is situated in a gorge and only 
accessible from one direction, a fence of brushwood had been 
built round the waterhole at the further side from the entrance 
to the gorge, behind which the native, lying in ambush, awaits 
the arrival of game, driven thither by thirst, and spears it there 
without further difficulty. 
Long fences are also constructed in the mulga scrub by 
merely piling together branches of this and other bush one over 
the other. These zigzag brush fences, which may be at times 
almost a mile in length, assume various shapes in plan, but 
usually converge to one or more points like the arms of the letter 
V. The idea is to drive the game into the enclosure, when the 
arms of the converging fences ultimately lead it to the angle 
point. А small opening is left at this spot, and a man, hiding 
close by, spears the game as it emerges. 
Having attained the spoil, the natives often express their 
satisfaction in a remarkable manner. In the Tomkinson Ranges, 
members of the Ullparidja Tribe were observed to dance about a 
man, who had killed a kangaroo, and all the while to hold their 
sub-ineised urethras to view, each upturning his penis and 
widening the slit to its utmost extent. 
A remarkable little incident was noted north of the Musgrave 
Ranges, where a member of the Karkurrerra repeatedly picked 
up the dung of kangaroo, broke it in two, and smelt it, often 
uttering the word *kuiya" (no good). The significance of this 
act I could not definitely ascertain, unless it represented a means 
of determining the age of the animal excrement, and so to get a 
* ef. “Occasionally they attach the name of some important geogra- 
phical feature. . . .”—E, C. Stirling: Anthrop., Horn Exped., page 10. 
+ For the description of Native Water Supplies in Central Australia, 
see my Geological Report. 
