39 
formed a temporary resting-place of the natives, apparently 
while out hunting. The figures were in all probability made 
while the blacks were in conversation with one another, and 
their meaning is not clear. They are quite similar to the 
Sketches reproduced by Helms in the Anthropology of the 
Elder Expedition,* and to the ** unripe plum " of the Plum Tree 
Totem of the Ulpmerka, figured by Spencer and Gillen. 
On the southern side of the Musgrave Ranges, upon a vertical 
wall of granite rock, directly above Naveena Rockhole, designs 
have been scratched that must be considered, in part at least, 
foreign to the district, inasmuch as they include representations 
of boomerangs, weapons that are not employed by the natives of 
these ranges. The groups of circles that accompany the boome- 
rang-like figures may possibly represent chest ornamentations. 
(See Plate XI, fig. 3.) 
At a soakage well east of Artootinna, in the Everard Ranges, 
a peculiar scratching upon the bare granitic rock resembled the 
shape of a bow and arrow. This is the only sketch of the 
particular kind at the locality, although a few chains west of the 
spot a small cave contains a few rock drawings on its walls. 
Now and then (eg, Ernabella and Giles West Camp) emu 
tracks were found carved in the bark of gum trees. 
At Kurrekapinnya Soakage, in the Ayers Ranges, very 
numerous cave drawings exist, which will be described further 
on. Among these, many crude designs had been drawn with a 
fragment of charcoal. (See Plate XI., fig. 4.) The drawings 
include representations of bustard and kangaroo tracks (the 
elongated central toe of the former being characteristic of some 
of the figures), concentric circles, necklaces (“amuttara”), and 
certain inexplicable and other delineations, of which better 
illustrations follow. 
At Ulurinna Native Soakage Well, moreover, upon the granite 
walls of a small cave several drawings in charcoal and red ochre 
of the pattern shown in figure 5 of Plate XI. were found. What 
they are meant to represent is a matter of uncertainty, although 
one or two of the figures approach the shape of a kangaroo track. 
They have been drawn with charcoal and are surrounded by a 
border of red ochre. 
Upon teaching some members of the Karkurrerra Tribe, in the 
Vicinity of Erlywanyewanye Waterhole, south of the Musgrave 
Ranges, the use of a pencil, I succeeded in obtaining a few 
original drawings on paper. These, during the time that they 
were constructing the designs, would repeatedly ejaculate their 
* Idem. op. cit., Plate X.b, page 263. 
t “The Native Tribes of Central Australia," page 632, figs. 133, 16. 
