FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 299 
and 34. This fact is suggestive. I have observed spermatophores 
on the ventral surface of the body of this worm, between the male 
pores and the clitellum; but, hitherto, I have failed to discover 
them on any other species of Zumbricus. They are minute sacs of 
a delicate structure, balloon-shaped, and filled with germ 
The Red Worm (Z. rudelius Hoffm.) differs from al the fore- 
going in the forward position of its girdle, and the absence of 
papillz: on the 15th segment. It is therefore impossible, as a rule, 
to know where the male pores are situated in this species and the 
next without counting the segments carefully from the head back- 
wards. When the worm is adul It, however, a band is often to be 
seen running along each side of the body from the girdle forwards 
to the 15th or 14th segment, similar to that found in the Papillose 
Worm. The girdle commences on the 27th segment and reaches to 
the 32nd, the 28th to 31st carrying the /ubercula pubertatis. This 
worm appears to be liable to variation, but what the cause may be is 
not yet known. I have shown in a paper on Hybridity among 
Worms that the Red Worm may sometimes be found in association 
with other species. Among the variations which have come under 
my notice the following are the most important. One specimen 
received from Dublin had two pairs of papille under the girdle 
exactly after the manner of the Papillose Worm. What Eisen 
remarked of the species as found in Scandinavia I have found to be 
true here, viz., that the girdle sometimes begins and ends one 
segment in ndvince of the normal position. Then in certain 
localities the hinder extremity is found to be curtailed, while one 
Specimen received from Bangor recently had the girdle exactly in 
_ the position which it occupies in the Continental species (Z. melibeeus). 
In the latter, however, there are papilla on segment 15, which a 
_ fot occur on this abnormal specimen, or we Tight at once have 
_ added another species to our aad ie a ca 
a The Purple Worm vs 43 rp oe. sen) is | . ee ndig 
Species. When in its finest form one can scarcely distinguish i 
- among droppings in pastures, and are ey" ay a ony ridge on the 
ventral surface of the roth segment. The male pores cannot be 
_ detected owing to the absence of papille. There is good reason to 
believe that this is the species which Savigny named Zxterion 
“ castaneum in 1829, but the early naturalists had not a sufficient 
- oe of the most important characters to make their diagnoses 
_ Of permanent value. The main oe - be = — in oe 
form of | a chart. oe a 
