102 



CHARACE-E 



the nucule. Upper ring of stipulodes very long, equalling or 

 exceeding the lowest joint of the branchlets. 



c. capillacea.—C. capillacea, Thuill. El. Par. (1799), p. 474 ; 

 Wallm., Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 330; Kiitz., Tab. Phyc, vii. 

 (1857), t. 55, f. 2.— C. viridis and folio I at a, Hartm. (fide Wallm.) 

 — C. setacea, Chevallier, Flor. Lutet., ed. ii., v. ii., p. 15*7?; 

 Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 119. — Stem more slender and flexible 

 than in the type. Branchlets long and very slender. Stipulodes 

 and bract -cells long. Kesembling a large form of C.frayifera. 



d. HediuigiL—C. Hedmqii, Ag. in Bruz. Obs. (1824), pp. 7 & 21 ; 

 Hook. Brit.FL, ii. (1833), p. 246; Berkeley in E. B. S„ 2762; 

 Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 55, f. 1; Fl. Danica, t. 2796, f. 2; 

 Braun, B. & S., Exs. 14, 121; Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 115. 

 Much larger, with spreading branchlets 1-2 inches long. Bract- 

 cells short. Darker green. 



e. fulcrata. — C. fulcrata, Gant. Oesterr. Char. (1847), p. 20, 

 f. 16. — Bract-cells very short, about half as long as the nucule. 

 Stipulodes rudimentary. Resembling the fertile plant of C. 

 connivms. 



f. delicatula, Braun, R. & S. Exs. 75 & 100 (not C. delicatida, 

 Desv.) — C. verrucosa, Itzigsolm, Bot. Zeitung, 1850, p. 338. — ■ 

 C. annulata, Wallm. Act. Stockh. (1854), p. 328?; Nordst. & 

 Waldst., Exs. 118. — Much smaller than the type, 2-4 inches high. 

 Branchlets short, stout, incurved. Often producing bulbils. A lake 

 form. (Tab. 207, fig. la.) 



In the typical form, a small neat bright green plant, with 

 slightly incurved branchlets £-1 in. long. Usually little incrusted, 

 but extremely brittle. It was not clearly distinguished from 

 C. vulgaris until the time of Wallroth, Desvaux's descriptions being 

 short and incomplete. C. fragilis has a very wide distribution 

 occurring in all parts of Europe, also in Asia, Africa, America 

 and Australia, and is one of our commonest species. 



Lakes, ponds, pools, canals, streams, and ditches. July and 

 August.— Cornwall, W. ; Devon, S. (and vars. c and d); Wight; 

 Hants, S. (and var. c); Sussex, W. (vars. d, e) ; Sussex, E. ; 

 Kent, E. (var. d); Kent, W. (and var. b); Surrey (and var. d); 

 Essex, S. ; Essex, N. (and var. d) ; Herts; Middlesex; Oxon; 

 Warwick; Stafford ; Salop (and var. f); Pembroke; Anglesea; 

 Lincoln, N. ; Cheshire; Lancashire, S. ; Yorks., S.W. and M.W. ; 



> 



Yorks., N.E. (var. d) ; Durham? "Teesdale" ; Westmoreland; 



Cumberland; Roxburgh (and var. f) ; Aberdeen, S. (and var. b) ; 

 Shetland (var. f j ; Kerry, N. ; Cork, N.; Wicklow (and var. b); 

 Dublin; W. Meath (and var. b) ; Galway, W.; Cavan ; Antrim 

 (and var. f). 



n. C. fragifera, Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1859), vi., 

 p. 185 ; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. (18G7), p. 7 ; Monatsb. Akad. 

 Berl., 1867, p. 863; Trimen, J. of B., 1877, p. 853, t. 192; 

 Braun, R. & S. Exs., 73; Billot, 3273. 



