NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIBS. 847 



the Florideae, tetraspores and octospores. The cell in which the 

 spores are formed is in all cases a sporangium. 



In the terminology of the male fecundating organs very little 

 change is necessary. The cell or more complicated structure in 

 which the male element is formed is uniformly termed an anther- 

 idium, the ciliated fecundating hodies antherozoids (in preference to 

 " spermatozoids "). In the Florideae and Lichenes, the fecundating 

 hodies are destitute of vibratile cilia ; in the former case they are 

 still usually termed "antherozoids," in the latter " sperinatia," 

 and their receptacles " spermogonia." In order to mark the 

 difference in structure from true antherozoids, it is proposed to 

 designate these motionless bodies in both cases pollinoids; the term 

 ' " spermogonium " is altogether unnecessary, the organ being a 

 true antheridium. 



A satisfactory terminology of the female reproductive organs 

 presents greater difficulties. The limits placed to the use of the 

 term spore and its compounds require the abandonment of 

 "oospore" for the fertilised oosphere in its encysted stage anterior 

 to its segmentation into the embryo. The authors propose the 

 syllable sperm as the basis of the various terms applied to all those 

 bodies which are the immediate result of impregnation. It is 

 believed that it will be found to supply the basis of a symmetrical 

 system of terminology which will go far to redeem the confusion 

 that at present meets the student at the outset of his researches. 

 For the unfertilised female protoplasmic mass, it is proposed to 

 retain the term oosphere, and to establish from it a corresponding 

 series of terms ending in sphere. The entire female organ before 

 fertilisation, whether unicellular or multicellular, is designated by 



a set of terms ending in gonium. 



In the Zygomycetes and Zygophyceae, the conjugated two- 

 spheres, or contents of the zygogonia, constitute a zygosperm ; in the 

 Oomycetes and Oophyceaj the fertilised oosphere, or contents of the 

 oogonium, is an oosperm; in the Carpophyceae the fertilised carpo- 



sphere, or contents of the carpoyonium, constitutes a earposperm. 



. In this last class the process is complicated being effected by 

 means of a special female organ which may be called the trtchogotmm 

 (in preference to " trichogyne"). The ultimate result of impreg- 

 nation is the production of a mass of tissue known as the cystocurp 

 (or "sporocarp",, within which are produced the germinating 

 bodies which must be designated carpospores since they are ^not he 

 direct results of fertilisation. Any one of these bodies which 

 remains in a dormant condition for a time before ^minatmg is a 

 hypnosperm. In the Cormophytes (Characeaa, Muscineae a id 

 Vascular Cryptogams) the fertilised ™7 t ^m> or contents of the 

 archeyonium, is an orchespenn. In the proposed ^ JJgojn* 

 will replace Strasburger's "zygote,' and the "f*™^ ° ^ 

 same writer will be zygospheres, his "zoogametes or plano- 



is proposed to substitute the term J rue ijica twn for ™&»»* for 

 the entire non-sexual generation which bears the spores. 



