456 | NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
feet A. T. while in the present section it is 450 feet A. T. which ~ 
gives a dip of 140 feet a mile to the south. 
The thin bedded appearance of the Black river limestone (no. 4) 
is apparently due to weathering. Almost uniformly the Black 
river in this region appears massive in fresh exposures, but after 
long exposure it exhibits an extremely irregular, lumpy structure, 
giving the general impression of irregularly thin bedded layers. 
The same is true of this limestone at Newport south of Trenton 
Falls and seems to be a very constant character. 
Westward from this point the Calciferous is exposed in ledges 
above the West Shore railroad and the Trenton is exposed at inter- 
vals at an elevation of between 200 and 300 feet above the river. 
Along the highway passing through the small hamlet of Scotch 
Church are a number of exposures of the Utica shale, the highest 
being at an altitude of 1040 feet A. T. at a point .8 of a mile north- 
east of Scotch Church. The shale at this point is strongly cal- 
careous, dull black with an olive tint, brown streak and weathers 
greenish brown. It is disposed in thin even laminae with smooth 
surfaces. Graptolites occur in moderate abundance but no other 
fossil was found. Similar shale is exposed at a point one quarter 
of a mile north of Scotch Church at an altitude of 1000 feet A. T. 
Slabby calcareous layers of several inches in thickness occur in 
the latter exposure. About one mile south by southwest of Scotch 
Church the fragile shales and brown-weathering sandstones of the 
Hudson river stage are exposed in the deep glen just west of the 
highway between Scotch Church and Mariaville. This exposure is 
at an altitude of about 1100 feet A. T. or 860 feet above the level 
of the Mohawk at Pattersonville. If the dip is 140 feet a mile 
this would indicate a thickness of 950 feet of Utica shales. 
The Trenton is traced by its frequent outcrops in a narrow belt 
nearly parallel to the Mohawk but gradually approaching it to the 
westward. In both branches of the creek which empties into the 
Mohawk two and one half miles west of Pattersonville are fine sec- 
tions from the Calciferous to the Utica, and west of this creek a 
series of quarries have been opened in the Trenton limestones and 
afford an excellent opportunity for any study of these rocks. A 
section was measured beginning at the level of the canal at the cut 
on the West Shore railroad nearly opposite Crane’s village. 
